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What are the benefits of using the ReLU activation function over the classic sigmoid function in neural networks?
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1. Gradient vanishing problem: The max value of the derivative of sigmoid function is 0.25, which can result in the total gradients becoming very small during back propagation. In contrast ReLU has a constant gradient 1 for positive inputs.
2. Compute efficiency: ReLU can be computed using max(0, x), more efficient than exponential operations in sigmoid function.
3. Convergence speed: it's also reported that using ReLU as activation function in neural networks converges faster than using sigmoid function.
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open_qa
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|
How to play chess
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The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way. The object of the game is to checkmate (threaten with inescapable capture) the opponent's king. A game can end in various ways besides checkmate: a player can resign, and there are several ways a game can end in a draw.
While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the Middle Ages. The rules continued to be slightly modified until the early 19th century, when they reached essentially their current form. The rules also varied somewhat from region to region. Today, the standard rules are set by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), the international governing body for chess. Slight modifications are made by some national organizations for their own purposes. There are variations of the rules for fast chess, correspondence chess, online chess, and Chess960.
Besides the basic moves of the pieces, rules also govern the equipment used, time control, conduct and ethics of players, accommodations for physically challenged players, and recording of moves using chess notation. Procedures for resolving irregularities that can occur during a game are provided as well.
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To win the game of chess, a player must capture the opponent's king. This is known as "Checkmating" the king.
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closed_qa
|
What is Azure SQL used for?
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Azure SQL is a cloud based Azure SQL Server Database that is used for data warehousing. It contains data tables, sql queries, stored procedures, grants and permissions. System of Record (SoR) can be accessed and flow to the Azure SQL Server Database using a data pipeline or the Azure SQL API. Once the data lands in Azure SQL you will need to consider a strategy for how to handle change data capture (CDC). The data can be served to the business from Azure SQL Database for dashboarding and business reporting.
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open_qa
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First, it's important to know what your goal is with a bicycle. If you go out with the family, you can choose a regular bicycle, but if you go to use for competition, it is better to choose a more sophisticated carbon fiber bicycle, for gain more performance in races.
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It is correct, but I would also recommend checking the purpose of buying a bicycle, and evaluate the cost-benefit.
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general_qa
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|
How many moons does Mars have?
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Mars has two moons, they were named Phobos and Deimos by the American astronomer Asaph Hall, who discovered them in August 1877.
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open_qa
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What is the name of the family at the centre of the TV show Succession?
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Succession is an American satirical black comedy-drama television series created by Jesse Armstrong. It premiered on June 3, 2018, on HBO. The series centers on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo, a global media and entertainment conglomerate, who are fighting for control of the company amid uncertainty about the health of the family's patriarch, Logan Roy (Brian Cox). The series has been renewed for a fourth and final season, which premiered on March 26, 2023.
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Succession centres on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo
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closed_qa
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Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
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The 56.5 acres (22.9 ha) park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government.
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• James Depew Edmundson
• Don Russell
• Ray F. Wyrick
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information_extraction
|
Which is longest road or highway or motorway in the world
|
This article lists the world's longest road routes that are either officially numbered or otherwise known under a single name. Some of the roads may still be partially planned or under construction.
Pan-American Highway 30,000 km (19,000 mi) Americas Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, United States United States Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina Longest road according to the Guinness Book of Records.
Incomplete at the Darién Gap, causing the northern and southern segments to be actually long about 11,500 and 9,600 km.
|
the longest road in the world is in Americas. The longest road is a highway called Pan American highway. It spans 30000 Kilometers or 19000 miles. It starts from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in United states and ends at Puerto Montt or Quellón, Chile Chile or Ushuaia, Argentina Argentina
The pan american highway is registered as longest road in the world in guiness book of world records
There are also other categories of longest road in the worlds like Asian highway which starts in Kapıkule, Turkey and ends in Tokyo, Japan. Asian highway is longest uninterrupted highway in the world. Length of the asian highway is 20557 Kilometers or 12774 miles
Longest road within the single country is in Australia. The name of the road is Highway 1. This is loop road and legnth of the highway is 14500 Kilometers or 9000 miles
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closed_qa
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What was Freddie Mercury's real name?
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Farrokh Bulsara
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open_qa
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|
Tomas is a 50-yr-old nonsmoking male who was recently invited by colleagues to participate in a 10-km trail run. He's been walking for 40 minutes 3 days a week, something he's maintained “for years”. His goal is to run the entire 10K race without stopping. He reports having what he describes as a “mild heart attack” at 45 years old, completed cardiac rehabilitation, and has had no problems since. He takes a statin and a low-dose aspirin daily. During his last visit (2 years ago) with his cardiologist, no changes were noted in his medical condition. Can you brainstorm reasons why Tomas's physician would prescribe a statin? Make sure to explain how this medication works.
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Statins are drugs that can lower your cholesterol, which can help lower Tomas’s total cholesterol and reduce their risk of a heart attack or stroke. His physician may have prescribed him this as he has had a history of cardiovascular disease (specifically a heart attack), and the statin is primarily a preventative measure against future heart attacks. Statins block a substance your liver needs to make cholesterol. This causes your liver to remove cholesterol from your blood.
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brainstorming
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|
What was the US civil war about?
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The US civil war had a complex start but the main aim was the preservation of slavery for the confederacy and the elimination of slavery for the union. Slavery was the principal political issue between the parties.
There was also an aspect of the confederacy wanting to secede from the Union to preserve slavery. The union did not want the slave stares to secede. After war broke out, it is interesting to note, no foreign government recognized the confederate government.
By the mid 1800s, the US had two distinct regions: free states with fast growing economies based on family farming, manufacturing, mining, business and transporting goods. The slave states were based on a plantation system and the only fast growth was in texas. These states were largely rural with few large cities and little industry except in close proximity to free states.
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open_qa
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What are the 7 basic commands to train a puppy?
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The 7 most common commands to train a puppy include Sit, Down, Stay, No, Off, Come, and heel. It is the a process to train a puppy, and some breeds are more adapt to training than others. However, all breeds can be trained. Through consistency and a rewards mechanism, your puppy will be following command in no time.
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general_qa
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|
Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1991 - 1995
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1991 - Hazeltine National Golf Club
1992 - Pebble Beach Golf Links
1993 - Baltusrol Golf Club (Lower Course)
1994 - Oakmont Country Club
1995 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club
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brainstorming
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|
In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Durrandon?
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Durran, also known as Durran Godsgrief
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open_qa
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|
What are good gifts for a new mom?
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For Baby:
Baby Bum Brush (don't laugh, this saves your life as a new mom!)
Anything Kyte Baby, I was obsessed with this stuff, its all organic bamboo and SOOOO soft
Muslim Burp Cloths - you go through these like WATER for the first few weeks
The Story of You - someone got one for my friend and she raves about it! Its a DIY photo journal to document the first year(s)
:
For Mom:
Babysitting coupons: just offering to come over and let her sleep for a few hours for the first few weeks will literally change her life. Truly. This is my #1.
Newspaper framed from the day her baby is born: Ricky did this for me, and it meant so much! Just so cool to have.
A cleaning service for a month (nobody got this for me, but I ended up getting it for myself, I couldn't keep up!)
Uber Eats/Doordash/Instacart Food Delivery
Shower Steamers/Spa Day
If she has a C-Section, you might want to talk to her about if she needs anything to help make her comfortable? I had one unexpectedly and I didn't realize you needed special underwear, ice packs, etc. I was totally unprepared, haha.
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brainstorming
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|
Without quoting from the text, can you summarise from wikipedia who Denis-Benjamin Viger was?
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Denis-Benjamin Viger (French pronunciation: [dəni bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ viʒe]; August 19, 1774 – February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, businessman in Lower Canada. He was a leader in the Patriote movement.
Viger was part of the militia in the early 19th century and then a captain in the War of 1812. He retired from the militia in 1824 with the rank of major.
|
Denis-Benjamin Viger was a Canadian 19th century politician, lawyer and businessman who lead the Patriote movement.
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summarization
|
How large is the Tennessee River?
|
The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. It is approximately 652 miles (1,049 km) long and is located in the southeastern United States in the Tennessee Valley. The river was once popularly known as the Cherokee River, among other names, as the Cherokee people had their homelands along its banks, especially in what are now East Tennessee and northern Alabama. Additionally, its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia, where the river also was bordered by numerous Cherokee towns. Its current name is derived from the Cherokee town, Tanasi, which was located on the Tennessee side of the Appalachian Mountains
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The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. It is approximately 650 miles long and located in the southeaster United States. The river is used for moving cargo and has a long history of enjoyment by families residing on the bank. A great section of the river is located near Spring City, TN at the Watts Barr Dam
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summarization
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What are some songs from the Beatles' White Album that you'd recommend listening to?
|
The White Album is one of the Beatles most iconic and experimental albums. Recommended songs to listen to from this album include; 'Happiness is a Warm Gun', 'Dear Prudence', 'Rocky Raccoon', 'Back in the U.S.S.R', 'Blackbird', 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps', 'Glass Onion ' and 'Helter Skelter'.
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brainstorming
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|
How many wheels does a bicycle have?
|
A bicycle has two wheels
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open_qa
|
|
What are some uses for a garden bucket with a hole in it?
|
A bucket with a hole in it may be compromised from holding liquid within it. However, the bucket can still be useful for many other scenarios. For example, the bucket can be used to hold solids (eg rocks, dirt, toys) that are generally larger than the size of the hole. The bucket could also be repurposed as a watering can, or as a small seat to sit on while working in the garden.
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brainstorming
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|
Why is Bangalore the best place to live in?
|
Bangalore is a favourable location to everyone mainly due to its pleasant weather. The diversity in culture, religion and language makes it very hospitable. Residents of Bangalore treats everyone with warm welcome and gives their best effort to make everyone feel comfortable here.
Bangalore being the IT hub of India hosts a lot of Companies giving wide variety of job opportunities for people from different backgrounds varying from Logistics to IT. From traditionally hosting Kadlekai Parshe, Bangalore Karga to having the best modern lifestyle of Cafe's, Pubs and Nightlife there is everything in Bangalore.
There are also lots of tourist destinations in and around Bangalore. Places like heritage City Mysore, Coorg, Chikmagalur and Bandipur are quick drives from Bangalore. One can visit Nandi hills to view the best Sunrise.
When it comes to the food, Bangalore provides food of all Cuisines. Bisibele Bath, Masala Dose, Avarebele Dose and many more dishes are famous to Bangalore. Bangalore has almost all food varieties the entire world has.
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general_qa
|
|
What are some ways in which I can use a pen for other than writing?
|
Here are some ways in which you could use a pen for anything other than writing:
- you could use it to punch holes into bubble wrap
- you could use it as a weapon
- you could use a hollow pen as a straw
- you could use it as a cover for pointed objects
- you could use it for practicing pen spinning
- you could use the nib as a tooth pick
- you could use the nib to open the sim card tray on your phone
|
brainstorming
|
|
How to be a good software engineer?
|
A diversity of industry experience is required to be a good software engineer. Practice industry-standard principles of writing high-quality production-grade code, understand and debug a complicated production system, and effectively communicate with other engineers to scale the team.
|
general_qa
|
|
Write me a thank you note for my high-school teacher
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Thank you for being a supportive teacher and encouraging me to keep learning. I will always remember your encouragement as I move forward in my studies.
|
creative_writing
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Classify each of the following as either software or hardware: iPhone, iOS 13, Windows 10, Macbook, Windows Server 2012, iPad, Windows 11
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iPhone: Hardware
iOS 13: Software
Windows 10: Software
Macbook: Hardware
Windows Server 2012: Software
iPad: Hardware
Windows 11: Software
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classification
|
|
What is "Cien años de soledad"?
|
One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4
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One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4
The first edition of the novel was published in Buenos Aires in May 1967 by the Sudamericana publishing house , 5 with a great reception from critics and the public, and had an initial total edition of 8,000 copies. To date, more than 30 million copies have been sold and it has been translated into 35 languages. 1
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information_extraction
|
Using given text as a reference, write some details about game Crashmo
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Crashmo, known as Fallblox in Europe and Australia and as Hiku Otsu in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS via the Nintendo eShop. The game is a sequel to Pushmo and was released in Japan on October 31, 2012, in the PAL regions on November 15, 2012, and in North America on November 22, 2012.
|
1. Crashmo is a puzzle video game created by Intelligent Systems and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS via the Nintendo eShop. It is also known as Fallblox in Europe, Australia, and Japan, and as Hiku Otsu in North America.
2. The Pushmo sequel was made available in North America on November 22, 2012, the PAL countries on November 15, and Japan on October 31, 2012.
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summarization
|
Turtle ship
|
A Geobukseon, also known as a turtle ship in western descriptions, was a type of large Korean warship that was used intermittently by the Royal Korean Navy during the Joseon dynasty from the early 15th century up until the 19th century. It was used alongside the panokseon warships in the fight against invading Japanese naval ships. The ship's name derives from its protective shell-like covering. One of a number of pre-industrial armored ships developed in Europe and in East Asia, this design has been described by some as the first armored ship in the world.
The first references to older, first-generation turtle ships, known as gwiseon (귀선; Korean pronunciation: [kɥisʌn]), come from 1413 and 1415 records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which mention a mock battle between a gwiseon and a Japanese warship. However, these early turtle ships soon fell out of use as Korea's naval preparedness decreased during a long period of relative peace.
Turtle ships participated in the war against Japanese naval forces supporting Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attempts to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598. Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who won all battles against the Japanese Navy, is credited with designing the improved turtle ship. From their first appearance in the Battle of Sacheon, his turtle ships, equipped with at least five different types of cannon, greatly contributed to winning 16 times in 16 battles against the Japanese Navy until they were destroyed, under the command of Won Gyun, in the Battle of Chilcheollyang. Their most distinguishable feature was a dragon-shaped head at the bow (front) that could launch cannon fire or flames from the mouth. Each was also equipped with a fully covered deck to protect against arrow fire, musket-shots, and incendiary weapons. The deck was covered with iron spikes to discourage the enemy from attempting to board the ship.
|
The Geobukseon is the most famous Korean warship, winning all 16 battles against the Japanese navy with which Toyotomi Hideyoshi attempted to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598.
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summarization
|
Why was Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo placed under quarantine?
|
Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality is at an altitude of 2,040 meters. It is part of the Sierra Mixe district within the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca Region.
The municipality has a total population of 6,908, and the town has a population of 2,372.
Municipal President Artemio Ortiz Ricardez died on May 13, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The town had been placed under quarantine after its first reported case on May 10.
|
Tamazulapam del Espíritu Santo was placed under quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
closed_qa
|
What is FrieslandCampina?
|
FrieslandCampina is one of the biggest dairy companies in the world. Their headquaters is in the Netherlands in Amersfoort. Its main brands are Friesche Vlag (or Frisian Flag in Indonesian market), Chocomel, Fristi, Friso, Dutch Lady, Milner, Campina, Landliebe, Optimel, Mona and "Mix'it"
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open_qa
|
|
Which is a species of fish? Toadfish or Toad
|
Toadfish
|
classification
|
|
Given a reference text about the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, how is the position appointed?
|
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is an officer of the British House of Commons. The work of the officer is overseen by the Commons Select Committee on Standards.
The current commissioner is Daniel Greenberg.
Duties
The commissioner is in charge of regulating MPs' conduct and propriety. One of the commissioner's main tasks is overseeing the Register of Members' Financial Interests, which is intended to ensure disclosure of financial interests that may be of relevance to MPs' work.
The Commissioner is the decision-maker in cases from the Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme where the respondent is a Member of Parliament. If the Commissioner deems a sanction warranted, they refer cases to the Independent Expert Panel so the appropriate sanction can be determined.
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years and is an independent officer of the House, working a four-day week. The remit of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards does not extend to the House of Lords: the post of Lords Commissioner for Standards was created in 2010.
|
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years.
|
closed_qa
|
Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas?
|
Nashville, TN
|
open_qa
|
|
As per the passage, list the subjects of which Narendranath was an avid reader.
|
In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution, where he went to school until his family moved to Raipur in 1877. In 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, he was the only student to receive first-division marks in the Presidency College entrance examination. He was an avid reader in a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature. He was also interested in Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. Narendra was trained in Indian classical music, and regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and organised activities. Narendra studied Western logic, Western philosophy and European history at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination, and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884. Narendra studied the works of David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Baruch Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin. He became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer and corresponded with him, translating Herbert Spencer's book Education (1861) into Bengali. While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and Bengali literature.
|
philosophy, religion, history, social science, art and literature
|
information_extraction
|
which of these words do not belong in the same category? peel, organic, fruit, yellow, mushy, crunchy.
|
Only crunchy does not belong in this category. This is because all these words describe a banana. However a banana and crunchy do not go together because a banana is mushy.
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classification
|
|
Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman.
|
In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.
|
An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards.
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summarization
|
What is Auto Loader?
|
Auto Loader incrementally and efficiently processes new data files as they arrive in cloud storage without any additional setup. Auto Loader has two modes: file notification mode and directory listing mode.
|
general_qa
|
|
Which word is different from the rest: cap, turban, veil, hat
|
All except veil covers the head, while veil covers the face
|
classification
|
|
Tell me whether these animals are a canine or a feline: French Bulldog, Siamese Cat, Sharpei
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The french bulldog is a canine, the Siamese Cat is a feline and the Sharpei is a canine.
|
classification
|
|
Classify each of the following as having 2 wheels, 4 wheels, or neither: Car, Tricycle, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Grocery Cart
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Car: 4 Wheels
Tricycle: Neither
Bicycle: 2 Wheels
Motorcycle: 2 Wheels
Grocery Cart: 4 Wheels
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classification
|
|
Classify the movies based on the protagonist hero who acted in them.
Chak De! India , Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Om Shanti Om, Dangal, Sultan, Dabangg
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Shah Rukh Khan - Chak De! India, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Om Shanti Om
Salman Khan - Sultan, Dabangg
Aamir Khan - Dangal
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classification
|
|
Who were the major players in the Watergate conspiracy?
|
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building.
|
The list begins with the President of the United States, Richard Nixon. John Dean served as the Counsel to the President, and was a lead witness whose testimony blew the case wide open, naming many top presidential aides as being closely involved. H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell were all senior members of the administration who resigned in disgraced and were convicted. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy played major roles in the Watergate break-in.
A major figure in the conspiracy was Daniel Ellsberg, but not for any wrongdoing. Rather, he was a target of the Nixon White House, and an attempted burglary of his psychiatrist's office was just one of the illegal acts that the White House covered up.
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summarization
|
What are Arabic numerals?
|
Arabic numerals refers to the ten digits commonly used today to represent numbers. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. They were adopted by European mathematicians around the 10th century C.E. from numerals used by Arabic speakers in North Africa. The numerals are used in a positional or place-value notation which makes complex calculations by humans easier.
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general_qa
|
|
Given the current banking crisis we are experiencing, is this a redux of the 2008 crisis?
|
While there are some similarities between 2023 and 2008, I do not believe this is a similar crisis. The biggest difference is that in 2008, nearly every bank had widespread exposure to mortgage backed securities. In the 2023 crisis, it is only a few banks that had overexposure to treasuries without any hedge against rising interest rates. Additionally, in 2008, while two different banks collapsed, there was much more widespread fear amongst the banks that caused a credit crunch. Banks were unwilling to lend each other money for fear of liquidity problems, which in turned led to the credit markets freezing and causing secondary problems of companies being unable to attain lines of credit to meet payroll. In 2023, there was also a failure of 2 banks, but the failure stemmed from a traditional bank run where depositors, en mass, were attempting to withdraw their funds at the same time, causing a liquidity problem with the affected banks.
|
general_qa
|
|
Name 5 possible fuel sources for a futuristic spaceship
|
Ion fusion, hyper drive, flux capacitator, solar sails, alien venom
|
brainstorming
|
|
Which President of the US was less of a hawk than people supposed?
|
Ronald Regan. Although he was considered an arch conservative and ardent neoliberal, he took a liberal approach to arms control. It was Regan who drove for a reduction in strategic arms with Mikhail Gorbachev on a walk by Lake Geneva when he asked if the US was attacked by Aliens "would you help us?". Gorbachev replied "No doubt about it" and they two found a starting point to a long arms reduction discussion between the two powers and Regan took the initiative to make an offer of deep cuts in arms levels in Reykjavik less than a year later.
|
open_qa
|
|
Which are main characters in Harry potter
|
Harry Potter
Hermoine Gringer
Ron Wesley
Lord Voldemort
Albus Dumbeldore
Remus Lupin
Luna Lovegood
ginny wesley
Draco Malfoy
Hagrid
Snape
Lilly
james
Dursleys
|
brainstorming
|
|
Why indian Marriage is so long process
|
1. Its an ancient process to get married and go through all rituals for Indians. So it takes time. Because they pray for so long in a Marriage
|
brainstorming
|
|
Given the reference text below, who sang "It's a Great Day to Be Alive"?
|
"It's a Great Day to Be Alive" is a song written by Darrell Scott. It was originally recorded by American country music artist Jon Randall, of whose version was to have been included on an album titled Great Day to Be Alive, which would have been released in the late 1990s via BNA Records. Scott released his own version of his song on his 1997 album Aloha from Nashville.
The song was also recorded by The Sky Kings, an American country-rock supergroup consisting of Bill Lloyd (Foster & Lloyd), Rusty Young (Poco), and John Cowan (New Grass Revival) around 1995/1996. Their version sat unreleased until Rhino Handmade released the compilation "From Out Of The Blue" in 2000.
The song was later covered more famously by American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was released in December 2000 as the second single from his album Down the Road I Go. It peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 33 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It was subsequently covered by Pat Green and Cory Morrow on their March 2001 album Songs We Wish We'd Written and by Niko Moon for his 2021 album Good Time.
|
"It's a Great Day to Be Alive" is a song written by Darrell Scott which was released in December 2000.
|
closed_qa
|
Should I buy a house or invest in a stock market?
|
It depends on your goal. If your goal is to have your own place, then you should buy a house. If you are looking for a liquid assets that has a good potential upside, you should look into stocks. A diversified portfolio that includes stocks, real estate, gold, silver, bond etc. is preferred to non-diversified portfolios. Please consult with a financial advisor before making any financial decisions.
|
general_qa
|
|
Why did Cato think that Carthage must be destroyed?
|
Although Rome was successful in the first two Punic Wars, as it vied for dominance with the seafaring Punic city-state of Carthage in North Africa (now Tunisia), it suffered a number of humiliations and damaging reverses in the course of these engagements, especially at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Rome nonetheless managed to win the Second Punic War thanks to Scipio Africanus in 201 BC. After its defeat, Carthage ceased to be a threat to Rome and was reduced to a small territory that was equivalent to what is now northeastern Tunisia.
However, Cato the Censor visited Carthage in 152 BC as a member of a senatorial embassy, which was sent to arbitrate a conflict between the Punic city and Massinissa, the king of Numidia. Cato, a veteran of the Second Punic War, was shocked by Carthage's wealth, which he considered dangerous for Rome. He then relentlessly called for its destruction and ended all of his speeches with the phrase, even when the debate was on a completely different matter. The Senate refused to follow him though, especially Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, the son-in-law of Scipio Africanus and the most influential senator. Corculum opposed the war to preserve Roman unity and argued that the fear of a common enemy was necessary to keep the people in check. Like Cato, he ended all his speeches with the same phrase, "Carthage must be saved" (Carthago servanda est).
|
Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome.
|
closed_qa
|
Does the HP U32 4K HDR Monitor have built-in speakers?
|
No. Built-in speakers are not listed in the manufacturers specification page for this monitor. "HP U32 4K HDR Monitor Product Specifications" https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c07721979.
A review of this monitor by PCMag lists "Lacks built-in speakers" as a Con against the monitor. https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/hp-u28-4k-hdr-monitor
The monitor does have a 3.5 mm Audio Jack (Audio Out) which can be used to connect external speakers.
|
open_qa
|
|
How many times have the Boston Celtics won the NBA championship?
|
The Celtics have won 17 NBA championships.
|
open_qa
|
|
When should I take vitamin D?
|
The UK National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people at risk of vitamin D deficiency, breast-fed babies, formula-fed babies taking less than 500 ml/day, and children aged 6 months to 4 years, should take daily vitamin D supplements throughout the year to ensure sufficient intake. This includes people with limited skin synthesis of vitamin D, who are not often outdoors, are frail, housebound, living in a care home, or usually wearing clothes that cover up most of the skin, or with dark skin, such as having an African, African-Caribbean or south Asian background. Other people may be able to make adequate vitamin D from sunlight exposure from April to September. The NHS and Public Health England recommend that everyone, including those who are pregnant and breastfeeding, consider taking a daily supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter because of inadequate sunlight for vitamin D synthesis.
|
If you live in England, NHS recommends that people with vitamin D deficiency take supplements, other people should get vitamin D directly from the sun from April to September and take a supplement containing 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D during autumn and winter.
|
summarization
|
Extract the awards that Ian McEwan has won and list them in chronological order (oldest to most recent) using bullets, with associated dates in parentheses.
|
Ian Russell McEwan, CBE, FRSA, FRSL (born 21 June 1948) is an English novelist and screenwriter. In 2008, The Times featured him on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945" and The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 19 in its list of the "100 most powerful people in British culture".
McEwan began his career writing sparse, Gothic short stories. His first two novels, The Cement Garden (1978) and The Comfort of Strangers (1981), earned him the nickname "Ian Macabre". These were followed by three novels of some success in the 1980s and early 1990s. His novel Enduring Love was adapted into a film of the same name. He won the Booker Prize with Amsterdam (1998). His next novel, Atonement, garnered acclaim and was adapted into an Oscar-winning film featuring Keira Knightley and James McAvoy. His later novels have included The Children Act, Nutshell, and Machines Like Me. He was awarded the 1999 Shakespeare Prize, and the 2011 Jerusalem Prize.
|
-Booker Prize (1998)
-Shakespeare Prize (1999)
-Jerusalem Prize (2011)
|
information_extraction
|
Which animal has the longest known hibernation period
|
The periodical cicada emerges from hibernation once every 17 years. Trillions emerge from the ground in a synchronized fashion during this time.
|
open_qa
|
|
Based on the reference text, which album helped Taylor Swift shift from a country star to more of a pop star?
|
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist (singer) to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
|
Taylor Swift's 1989 album was her first pop album, helping change her image from a country star.
|
closed_qa
|
Summarize what GDP means as well as what it is and is not used for.
|
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally "without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them".[citation needed] GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.[citation needed] GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living).
GDP definitions are maintained by a number of national and international economic organizations. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines GDP as "an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production and services (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)". An IMF publication states that, "GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year)."
GDP is often used as a metric for international comparisons as well as a broad measure of economic progress. It is often considered to be the world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. However, critics of the growth imperative often argue that GDP measures were never intended to measure progress, and leave out key other externalities, such as resource extraction, environmental impact and unpaid domestic work. Critics frequently propose alternative economic models such as doughnut economics which use other measures of success or alternative indicators such as the OECD's Better Life Index as better approaches to measuring the effect of the economy on human development and well being.
|
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measurement of all of the goods and services sold in a specific country over a specific time period. It is used as a metric for economic health, economic progress, and for international comparisons. GDP is not a used to measure cost of living differences and inflation rates between countries.
|
summarization
|
Should I buy a Shinkansen Rail Pass if I visit Japan?
|
Shinkansen Rail Pass is quite expensive. The cost is slightly cheaper comparing with Shinkansen round trip between Tokyo and Osaka. If you are planning to have a round trip between these 2 cities, then you should definitely consider to get a Shinkansen Rail Pass. If your Shinkansen trip is shorter than that, you probably better estimate the railway cost before get the Shinkansen Rail Pass.
|
general_qa
|
|
Why do people exercise?
|
Exercise provides many benefits to physical and mental health. It increases strength, cardiovascular health, extends life expectancy, and generally improve people mental and emotional well-being.
Often exercise occur during very enjoyable activities, such as sports and outdoor recreation. Those activities attract people to exercising.
|
general_qa
|
|
What are some of the best vegan protein sources?
|
Soy-based products such as tofu, soy milk and tempeh are high sources of protein. Pulses such as beans (including chickpeas, pintos, black beans) and lentils. Certain grains are also high-protein sources, such as quinoa, farro and buckwheat. Other foods like nuts and seeds are good protein sources but are also high in fat and calories.
|
open_qa
|
|
Give me a bulleted list of the seven most team with the most english premier league title
|
Here are the seven teams with the most premier league titles-
1. Manchester United - 20 premier league titles
2. Liverpool FC - 13 premier league titles
3. Arsenal FC - 20 premier league titles
4. Everton FC - 9 premier league titles
5. Manchester City - 8 premier league titles
6. Aston Villa - 7 premier league titles
7. Chealse FC and Sunderland AFC - 6 premier league titles
|
brainstorming
|
|
Extract names of all previous US presidents in the paragraph below:
|
Muskets with interchangeable locks caught the attention of Thomas Jefferson through the efforts of Honoré Blanc when Jefferson was Ambassador to France in 1785. Jefferson tried to persuade Blanc to move to America, but was not successful, so he wrote to the American Secretary of War with the idea, and when he returned to the USA he worked to fund its development. President George Washington approved of the idea, and by 1798 a contract was issued to Eli Whitney for 12,000 muskets built under the new system.
|
The following are names of US presidents in the paragraph above: Thomas Jefferson (or Jefferson), George Washington.
|
information_extraction
|
What are the words of House Smallwood?
|
"From These Beginnings"
|
open_qa
|
|
Are the racial depictions of Eugène Delacroix artworks facts?
|
Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countries in the Middle East and Asia. The artwork, predominantly paintings, were portrayed in order to instill prejudice in the Western populations through sexualizing and manipulating images. One of the most prominent examples of Orientalist work in art is a piece by Eugène Delacroix titled Women of Algiers in their Apartment. Dating back to 1834, it portrays three women resting in a harem in exotic clothing while an African woman is dressed in plain clothing, depicting her role as a servant. Fine textiles, hookahs, and other paraphernalia adorn the room, which represents a European fantasy of an exotic scene. Attempts to portray these cultures as strange, foreign and exotic through Orientalism led to intolerance towards the Arab and Asian communities in Europe and the United States. Others argue that Delacroix, who travelled in North Africa sketching extensively, was depicting a realistic scene of the era based on his first-hand knowledge and experience. In such an interpretation the clothing, for example, is consistent with the times, as Arab North Africans dressed differently from Europeans, and kept black slaves who would not have been treated as equals.
|
There are arguments that some of the depictions of the artworks are factual represents of Delacroix's first-hand experience while traveling in North Africa.
|
closed_qa
|
Name the three best professional sports teams based in California.
|
The best professional sports teams based in California are the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Golden State Warriors, and the San Francisco 49ers.
|
open_qa
|
|
Why is pickleball so popular in the US right now?
|
Pickleball is easy to learn. Compared to tennis, it requires less strength and skills to play. It also takes up less space to set up a pickleball court. It does not create forearm tightness like tennis. It is a good sport for all ages.
|
general_qa
|
|
List some common symptoms that someone may experience if they acquired a gastrointestinal bug.
|
Common symptoms someone who has a gastrointestinal infection may experience include cramping, diarrhea, low-grade fever, vomiting, and nausea.
|
open_qa
|
|
From the passage provided, extract the company that all original presto developers joined in 2020
|
Presto was originally designed and developed at Facebook, Inc. (later renamed Meta) for their data analysts to run interactive queries on its large data warehouse in Apache Hadoop. The first four developers were Martin Traverso, Dain Sundstrom, David Phillips, and Eric Hwang. Before Presto, the data analysts at Facebook relied on Apache Hive for running SQL analytics on their multi-petabyte data warehouse. Hive was deemed too slow for Facebook's scale and Presto was invented to fill the gap to run fast queries. Original development started in 2012 and deployed at Facebook later that year. In November 2013, Facebook announced its open source release.
In 2014, Netflix disclosed they used Presto on 10 petabytes of data stored in the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). In November, 2016, Amazon announced a service called Athena that was based on Presto. In 2017, Teradata spun out a company called Starburst Data to commercially support Presto, which included staff acquired from Hadapt in 2014. Teradata's QueryGrid software allowed Presto to access a Teradata relational database.
In January 2019, the Presto Software Foundation was announced. The foundation is a not-for-profit organization for the advancement of the Presto open source distributed SQL query engine. At the same time, Presto development forked: PrestoDB maintained by Facebook, and PrestoSQL maintained by the Presto Software Foundation, with some cross pollination of code.
In September 2019, Facebook donated PrestoDB to the Linux Foundation, establishing the Presto Foundation. Neither the creators of Presto, nor the top contributors and committers, were invited to join this foundation.
By 2020, all four of the original Presto developers had joined Starburst. In December 2020, PrestoSQL was rebranded as Trino, since Facebook had obtained a trademark on the name "Presto" (also donated to the Linux Foundation).
Another company called Ahana was announced in 2020, with seed funding from GV (formerly Google Ventures, an arm of Alphabet, Inc.), to commercialize the PrestoDB fork as a cloud service, while also offering an open-source version. A $20 million round of funding for Ahana was announced in August 202
|
Starburst
|
information_extraction
|
What can I do at the airport?
|
When you get to the airport there are a lot of things you can do. You can eat a meal, stand at the window of the terminal and watch planes land and take off, or play. You can also sit and read a good book, meditate, drink alcohol, exercise by walking between different terminals, or get to know someone new sitting next you. If none of these things interest you then you can also work on your smartphone or computer, watch a movie on them, browse pictures and images, or play game.
|
open_qa
|
|
What is terrain cartography?
|
Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design, and more recently geographic information systems and geovisualization.
|
open_qa
|
|
Cauliflower rice is not that fun to eat in its bland form. Is there anything interesting and tasty I can cook with cauliflower rice?
|
Cauliflower rice can be cooked within a few mins. You can make the dish more tasty with scrambled eggs , okra, and maybe other vegetables like peas, carrots and onions. One can cook this by mixing these ingredients including raw eggs in a bowl and then cooking them in a skillet for 5 mins. Pour one tablespoon of oil, let it heat up, and then put in the mix from the bowl. Stir for 5 mins on medium. Add pepper and salt. Once ready you can eat it with a sauce of your liking it just with pepper and salt.
|
general_qa
|
|
Eric Arthur Blaire was the real name of which author
|
George Orwell
|
open_qa
|
|
If you were to design a pantheon, how many gods or deities would you include?
|
The beauty of polytheism is that there is no limit on the number of deities. The gods and goddesses can represent different forces of nature, human characteristics, ancestral principles, natural elements or animals. These can interact with each other and have children representing new concepts. Throughout the human history polytheism has been the most common form of religion and seems to be the most natural.
|
brainstorming
|
|
What is a community structure in the study of complex networks?
|
In the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally. In the particular case of non-overlapping community finding, this implies that the network divides naturally into groups of nodes with dense connections internally and sparser connections between groups. But overlapping communities are also allowed. The more general definition is based on the principle that pairs of nodes are more likely to be connected if they are both members of the same community(ies), and less likely to be connected if they do not share communities. A related but different problem is community search, where the goal is to find a community that a certain vertex belongs to.
|
In the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally.
|
closed_qa
|
What is "the Scully effect?"
|
The Scully Effect, named for the science-minded character Dana Scully from the sci-fi TV show "The X-Files," is the term used to suggest the impact that the character had on influencing women to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and math.
|
open_qa
|
|
From the passage provided, extract the two main changes from the 2022 and 2023 J1 Japanese football league.
|
There were two teams relegated last season to the 2023 J2 League. Shimizu S-Pulse and Júbilo Iwata, both from Shizuoka Prefecture, were relegated due to them finishing 17th and 18th respectively the previous season. Thus, this is the first Japanese top-flight season to not feature any team from the region.
Kyoto Sanga finished on 16th place, but won the promotion/relegation playoffs against Roasso Kumamoto and thus retained their top league status. Had Roasso won, it would have been their first ever promotion to the top-flight.
Two teams were promoted from the 2022 J2 League: Albirex Niigata, who won the title and returned to J1 after a five-year absence, and Yokohama FC, who finished second, returning to the J1 after just a season playing on the J2 League.
|
After the 2022 J1 season Shimizu S-Pulse and Jubilo Iwata were relegated to the J2 league, finishing 17th and 18th respectively. They will be replaced in the 2023 J1 season with Albirex Niigata and Yokohoma FC after finishing their J2 2022 campaign 1st and 2nd.
|
information_extraction
|
What are the top three most popular collectible cardgames?
|
1. Magic: The Gathering
2. Pokemon
3. Yu-Gi-Oh!
|
brainstorming
|
|
Please explain the collectability impact on revenue recognition under ASC 606 guidance
|
We assess the collectability criterion at the beginning of a contract. If it is met, we will take revenue. If it is not met, revenue contract does not exist, so there is no revenue. Over the contract term, there is no need to reassess the collectability for revenue recognition unless a significant change in facts and circumstances results in a significant deterioration in the customer’s creditworthiness. But we will not reverse revenue previously recognized. Accounts Receivable team can book bad debt allowance reserve and write off for non-payment. If the reassessment concludes that collectability criterion is not met, we need to stop future revenue. If the collectability criterion is still met, we will continue to take revenue, and Accounts Receivable can book bad debt allowance. If we conclude that a contract does not exist because the collectability criterion is not met, we don’t record a receivable for consideration that we have not yet received for the services we have already transferred to the customer. For the cash received, we recognize a deposit liability and record no related revenue. If the contract existence criteria is met upon reassessment, we would recognize a cumulative catch-up to revenue for the services already provided.
|
general_qa
|
|
What are some of the main themes of Jane Eyre
|
Some of the main themes of Jane Eyre are social class, love, family, dependence and independence, personal discovery and growth. There are also themes of religion, pride, duty to society and personal morality
|
open_qa
|
|
Why is Chicago so windy?
|
A lot of Chicago's wind comes from the air above nearby Lake Michigan. The sun heats up the land faster than it heats up the water in the lake. When the air in the city rises, the cooler air over the lake moves toward the land. The air movement makes a lot of wind.
|
general_qa
|
|
Extract one of the franchise introduced in IPL 2022 from the text and who won the title during the previous session.
|
The 2022 Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022, was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.
The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.
In the final one of the new franchises, Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title.
|
The IPL 2022 season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises, and one of them was Gujarat Titans. Gujarat Titans, beat Rajasthan Royals by seven wickets to win their first title.
Also, Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.
|
information_extraction
|
How was basketball was invented?
|
Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters.
|
Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters. The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.
|
summarization
|
What are the top three cloud providers.
|
- AWS
- Microsoft Azure
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
|
brainstorming
|
|
Given this paragraph about the Pearl Mill Village Historic District, tell me where it is located.
|
Pearl Mill Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 26 contributing residential buildings built by owners of Pearl Cotton Mills. The mill village dwellings are either two-story duplex type built about 1905 or a one-story bungalow constructed about 1924.
|
The Pearl Mill Village Historic District is in Durham, North Carolina.
|
closed_qa
|
Tell me whether the following countries are located in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, or Asia: France, Mexico, Peru, India, Nepal, Rwanda, Egypt, Portugal, Kenya, Argentina, Canada
|
France: Europe
Mexico: North America
Peru: South America
India: Asia
Nepal: Asia
Rwanda: Africa
Egypt: Africa
Portugal: Europe
Kenya: Africa
Argentina: South America
Canada: North America
|
classification
|
|
Which of Dany's dragons is the largest?
|
Daenerys Targaryen's dragon, Drogon, is the largest of her three dragons.
|
open_qa
|
|
What is an egg laying mammal?
|
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record.
|
Duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal found in eastern Australia. It is the sole living representative in its genus Ornithorhynchus.
|
summarization
|
Can you tell me about the Chicago Bears?
|
Of course! The Chicago Bears are a team in the National Football League (NFL). The team is currently led by head coach Matt Eberflus and general manager Ryan Poles. They last won the Super Bowl, the NFL's championship trophy, in 1985. They have one of the most well-known rivalries in sports against their divisional opponents, the Green Bay Packers.
|
general_qa
|
|
Name the planets in the solar system, in the order of distance from the sun
|
The planets in the solar system in order of distance from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.
|
open_qa
|
|
What is The Hobbit?
|
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction. The book is recognized as a classic in children's literature, and is one of the best-selling books of all time with over 100 million copies sold.
|
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction. The book is recognized as a classic in children's literature, and is one of the best-selling books of all time with over 100 million copies sold.
The Hobbit is set in Middle-earth and follows home-loving Bilbo Baggins, the titular hobbit, who joins the wizard Gandalf and thirteen dwarves that make up Thorin Oakenshield's Company, on a quest to reclaim the dwarves' home and treasure from the dragon Smaug. Bilbo's journey takes him from his peaceful rural surroundings into more sinister territory.
The story is told in the form of an episodic quest, and most chapters introduce a specific creature or type of creature of Tolkien's geography. Bilbo gains a new level of maturity, competence, and wisdom by accepting the disreputable, romantic, fey, and adventurous sides of his nature and applying his wits and common sense. The story reaches its climax in the Battle of Five Armies, where many of the characters and creatures from earlier chapters re-emerge to engage in conflict.
Personal growth and forms of heroism are central themes of the story, along with motifs of warfare. These themes have led critics to view Tolkien's own experiences during World War I as instrumental in shaping the story. The author's scholarly knowledge of Germanic philology and interest in mythology and fairy tales are often noted as influences.
The publisher was encouraged by the book's critical and financial success and, therefore, requested a sequel. As Tolkien's work progressed on its successor, The Lord of the Rings, he made retrospective accommodations for it in The Hobbit. These few but significant changes were integrated into the second edition. Further editions followed with minor emendations, including those reflecting Tolkien's changing concept of the world into which Bilbo stumbled.
The work has never been out of print. Its ongoing legacy encompasses many adaptations for stage, screen, radio, board games, and video games. Several of these adaptations have received critical recognition on their own merits.
|
information_extraction
|
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna
|
Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.
|
classification
|
|
Given this paragraph about Dill Records, tell me when the group made CDs and who started the record label.
|
Dill Records was a small punk rock/ska record label based out of Monte Sereno, California, that put out CDs/records from 1989-1998. The name is an allusion to initially the label's only band, Skankin' Pickle. The record label was started by Mike Park, a.k.a. Bruce Lee of Skankin' Pickle. The first other band with a release on Dill Records was the Tantra Monsters (Dill 006) in 1994. After the breakup of Skankin' Pickle, Mike Park continued releasing records, beginning the label Asian Man Records in 1996. Asian Man and Dill Records coexisted until 1998. Asian Man re-released many albums originally released by Dill Records, as all releases are now out of print and Dill Records is no longer in operation.
|
Dill Records was started by Mike Park and made CDs from 1989 to 1998.
|
closed_qa
|
How has McDonald's target audience changed over time?
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Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment.
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McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population.
Starting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney.
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summarization
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What does the "E" stand for in Chuck E. Cheese?
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The "E" stands for "Entertainment"
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open_qa
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Why are Mothers good at multi-tasking?
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Being a mother is demanding. You are responsible for many things, including but not limited to the safety of your child. An infant is solely dependent on his/her mother. A mothers job is to feed, bathe and make sure that the child is well taken care of. In what we could call a normal household, the mother is responsible for the well being of their child until they become an adult at the age of 18. During those 18 years, they take them to the doctors, make sure they attend school, participate in extracurricular activities, and be an active member of the community. They say it takes a village to raise a child, but raising that child starts with being a good mother. While they are doing all of this for their own child(ren) they are also taking care of themselves, their household, their spouse and in a lot of cases their own career. In order to manage all of these things, you must be good at multi-tasking and juggling a lot of responsibilities at the same time. This is why I believe mothers are good at multi-tasking.
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general_qa
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I follow you all the time and copy your every move, but you can’t touch me or catch me. What am I?
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I am your shadow.
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open_qa
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Given this paragraph about a Tesla Model 3, tell me what the EPA-rated ranges are for the various models.
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The Tesla Model 3 is an electric car produced by American marque Tesla. It is a battery-powered four-door sedan that is considered a mid-size car in the US and a large family car in Europe, and is marketed in the compact-executive segment. Limited production of the Model 3 began in mid-2017, with the first production vehicle rolling off the assembly line on July 7, 2017. The official launch and delivery of the first 30 cars took place on July 28.
The base Model 3 delivers an EPA-rated all-electric range of 272 miles (438 km) and the Long Range version delivers 358 miles (576 km). According to Tesla, the Model 3 carries full self-driving hardware, with periodic software updates adding functionality.
The Model 3 was marketed as being more affordable to more people than previous models by Tesla. Since early 2020, the Model 3 is the bestselling electric car in world history, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to pass the 1 million global sales milestone. The Model 3 has been the world's top selling plug-in electric car (PEV) for three years running, from 2018 to 2020. It has also been the bestselling PEV in the United States for three consecutive years, 2018 to 2020, the top selling PEV in Europe in 2019, and the bestselling PEV in China in 2020.
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The Tesla Model 3 comes in a base model with a range of 272 miles (438 km) and also comes in a Long Range version that delivers 358 miles (576 km).
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closed_qa
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What marathon did the first woman officially finish, based on the paragraph.
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For a long time after the Olympic marathon started, there were no long-distance races, such as the marathon, for women. Although a few women, such as Stamata Revithi in 1896, had run the marathon distance, they were not included in any official results. Marie-Louise Ledru has been credited as the first woman to complete a marathon, in 1918. Violet Piercy has been credited as the first woman to be officially timed in a marathon, in 1926.
Arlene Pieper became the first woman to officially finish a marathon in the United States when she completed the Pikes Peak Marathon in Manitou Springs, Colorado, in 1959. Kathrine Switzer was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon "officially" (with a number), in 1967. However, Switzer's entry, which was accepted through an "oversight" in the screening process, was in "flagrant violation of the rules", and she was treated as an interloper once the error was discovered. Bobbi Gibb had completed the Boston race unofficially the previous year (1966), and was later recognized by the race organizers as the women's winner for that year, as well as 1967 and 1968.
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The first marathon that a woman officially finished was the Pikes Peak Marathon, completed by Arlene Pieper in 1959.
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closed_qa
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Given this article about the NSA's ANT Catalog, which hacking tools can be used to monitor a target's key strokes?
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The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software.
Background
The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks.
In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed.
Publication
Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about "the militarization of the Internet" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents.
Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were "deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues." Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel.
Source
The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023.
Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog.
Content
The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000.
Capabilities in the ANT catalog
Page Code name Description Unit price in US$
NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300
NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960
NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000
NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can "illuminate" a target system for recovery of "off net" information. N/A
NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000
NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0
NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted." 0
NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000
NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000
NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A
NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740
NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000
NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500
NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0
NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0
NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0
NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A
NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A
NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750
NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0
NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also "Straitbizarre" and "Unitedrake" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0
NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A
NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0
NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30
NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000
NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0
NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000
NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A
NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A
NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000
NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000
NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30
NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000
NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0
NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000
NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30
NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0
NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30
NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A
NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0
NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250
NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A
NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable "finishing tool" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A
NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0
Follow-up developments
Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog.
NSA Playset
The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: "For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH." The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: "If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!"
Name Description
TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring.
LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS.
DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables.
PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone.
KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM).
SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO.
ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device.
CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system.
TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer.
BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration.
SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK.
CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND.
TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.
CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.)
See also
Cyberwarfare in the United States
Equation Group
MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer
Stuxnet
WARRIOR PRIDE
Explanatory notes
Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known.
The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a "50-page document" and that "nearly 50 pages" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete.
If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price
For two months
Including installation costs
When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000
Up to 4,000
Varies from platform to platform
Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations
100 units for 625,000
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SURLYSPAWN, KEYSWEEPER, and TINYALAMO are monitoring technologies that can be used to monitor target's key strokes.
SURLYSPAWN is a keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected.
KEYSWEEPER is a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM).
TINYALAMO is software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.
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closed_qa
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