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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6" and a disease "type II diabetes". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion.
- Abstract of the article: The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. We cloned the coding region as well as the intron-exon boundaries of the HNF-6 gene. We then examined them on genomic DNA in six MODY probands without mutations in the MODY1, MODY3 and MODY4 genes and in 54 patients with late-onset Type II diabetes by combined single strand conformational polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants. An identified missense variant was examined in association studies and genotype-phenotype studies. We identified two silent and one missense (Pro75 Ala) variant. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. 3. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion. 4. We cloned the coding region as well as the intron-exon boundaries of the HNF-6 gene. 5. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Sentences mentioning a disease "type II diabetes": 1. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 2. We then examined them on genomic DNA in six MODY probands without mutations in the MODY1, MODY3 and MODY4 genes and in 54 patients with late-onset Type II diabetes by combined single strand conformational polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants. 3. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects. 4. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 5. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. 6. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion. 7. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6" and a disease "type II diabetes": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion. 3. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. 4. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6" and a disease "type II diabetes" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "glucose" and a gene or protein "insulin". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion.
- Abstract of the article: The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. We cloned the coding region as well as the intron-exon boundaries of the HNF-6 gene. We then examined them on genomic DNA in six MODY probands without mutations in the MODY1, MODY3 and MODY4 genes and in 54 patients with late-onset Type II diabetes by combined single strand conformational polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants. An identified missense variant was examined in association studies and genotype-phenotype studies. We identified two silent and one missense (Pro75 Ala) variant. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "glucose": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 3. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined. 4. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects.
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "insulin": 1. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion. 2. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 3. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 4. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "glucose" and a gene or protein "insulin": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 3. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "glucose" and a gene or protein "insulin" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "glucose" and a disease "Type II diabetes mellitus". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion.
- Abstract of the article: The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. We cloned the coding region as well as the intron-exon boundaries of the HNF-6 gene. We then examined them on genomic DNA in six MODY probands without mutations in the MODY1, MODY3 and MODY4 genes and in 54 patients with late-onset Type II diabetes by combined single strand conformational polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants. An identified missense variant was examined in association studies and genotype-phenotype studies. We identified two silent and one missense (Pro75 Ala) variant. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "glucose": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 3. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined. 4. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects.
Sentences mentioning a disease "Type II diabetes mellitus": 1. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 2. We then examined them on genomic DNA in six MODY probands without mutations in the MODY1, MODY3 and MODY4 genes and in 54 patients with late-onset Type II diabetes by combined single strand conformational polymorphism-heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants. 3. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects. 4. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 5. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-6 is an upstream regulator of several genes involved in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. 6. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6: associations between genetic variability and type II diabetes and between genetic variability and estimates of insulin secretion. 7. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "glucose" and a disease "Type II diabetes mellitus": 1. We therefore tested the hypothesis that variability in the HNF-6 gene is associated with subsets of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and estimates of insulin secretion in glucose tolerant subjects. 2. Moreover, in studies of 238 middle-aged glucose tolerant subjects, of 226 glucose tolerant offspring of Type II diabetic patients and of 367 young healthy subjects, the carriers of the polymorphism did not differ from non-carriers in glucose induced serum insulin or C-peptide responses. 3. Mutations in the coding region of the HNF-6 gene are not associated with Type II diabetes or with changes in insulin responses to glucose among the Caucasians examined. 4. In an association study the allelic frequency of the Pro75Ala polymorphism was 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.5) in 330 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus compared with 4.2% (2.4-6.0) in 238 age-matched glucose tolerant control subjects.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "glucose" and a disease "Type II diabetes mellitus" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "type II Ca2+-dependent lectin" and a chemical "mannose". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules.
- Abstract of the article: We have identified a type II Ca2+-dependent lectin displaying mannose-binding specificity, exclusively expressed by Langerhans cells (LC), and named Langerin. LC are uniquely characterized by Birbeck granules (BG), which are organelles consisting of superimposed and zippered membranes. Here, we have shown that Langerin is constitutively associated with BG and that antibody to Langerin is internalized into these structures. Remarkably, transfection of Langerin cDNA into fibroblasts created a compact network of membrane structures with typical features of BG. Langerin is thus a potent inducer of membrane superimposition and zippering leading to BG formation. Our data suggest that induction of BG is a consequence of the antigen-capture function of Langerin, allowing routing into these organelles and providing access to a nonclassical antigen-processing pathway.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "type II Ca2+-dependent lectin": 1. Our data suggest that induction of BG is a consequence of the antigen-capture function of Langerin, allowing routing into these organelles and providing access to a nonclassical antigen-processing pathway. 2. Here, we have shown that Langerin is constitutively associated with BG and that antibody to Langerin is internalized into these structures. 3. Remarkably, transfection of Langerin cDNA into fibroblasts created a compact network of membrane structures with typical features of BG. 4. Langerin is thus a potent inducer of membrane superimposition and zippering leading to BG formation. 5. Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules. 6. We have identified a type II Ca2+-dependent lectin displaying mannose-binding specificity, exclusively expressed by Langerhans cells (LC), and named Langerin.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "mannose": 1. We have identified a type II Ca2+-dependent lectin displaying mannose-binding specificity, exclusively expressed by Langerhans cells (LC), and named Langerin.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "type II Ca2+-dependent lectin" and a chemical "mannose": 1. We have identified a type II Ca2+-dependent lectin displaying mannose-binding specificity, exclusively expressed by Langerhans cells (LC), and named Langerin.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "type II Ca2+-dependent lectin" and a chemical "mannose" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Bind</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "5382insC". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "5382insC": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "5382insC": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "5382insC" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "4153delA". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "4153delA": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "4153delA": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "4153delA" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "C61G". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "C61G": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "C61G": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "breast cancer" and a variant "C61G" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "5382insC". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "ovarian cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "5382insC": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "5382insC": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "5382insC" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "4153delA". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "ovarian cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "4153delA": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "4153delA": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "4153delA" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "C61G". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "ovarian cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "C61G": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "C61G": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "ovarian cancer" and a variant "C61G" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "5382insC" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "5382insC": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": 1. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. 2. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "5382insC" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "5382insC" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "4153delA" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "4153delA": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": 1. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. 2. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "4153delA" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "4153delA" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "C61G" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "C61G": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": 1. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. 2. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "C61G" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "C61G" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer syndrome" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "5382insC". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively.. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "5382insC": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "5382insC": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "5382insC" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "4153delA". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively.. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "4153delA": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "4153delA": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "4153delA" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "C61G". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively.. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning a variant "C61G": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "C61G": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" and a variant "C61G" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast cancers". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "BRCA1": 1. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. 2. We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. 3. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. 4. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast cancers": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast cancers": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast cancers" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "ovarian cancer". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "BRCA1": 1. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. 2. We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. 3. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. 4. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning a disease "ovarian cancer": 1. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "ovarian cancer": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "ovarian cancer" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "BRCA1": 1. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. 2. We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. 3. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. 4. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities": 1. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively.. 2. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "BRCA1 abnormalities" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
- Abstract of the article: We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. The study group consisted of 66 Polish families with cancer who have at least three related females affected with breast or ovarian cancer and who had cancer diagnosed, in at least one of the three affected females, at age < 50 years. A total of 26 families had both breast and ovarian cancers, 4 families had ovarian cancers only, and 36 families had breast cancers only. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood leukocytes of at least one affected woman from each family. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. Mutations were found in 35 (53%) of the 66 families studied. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. BRCA1 abnormalities were identified in all four families with ovarian cancer only, in 67% of 27 families with both breast and ovarian cancer, and in 34% of 35 families with breast cancer only. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Seven distinct mutations were identified; five of these occurred in two or more families. In total, recurrent mutations were found in 33 (94%) of the 35 families with detected mutations. Three BRCA1 abnormalities - 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA - accounted for 51%, 20%, and 11% of the identified mutations, respectively..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "BRCA1": 1. All but one of the mutations were detected within the BRCA1 gene. 2. We have undertaken a hospital-based study, to identify possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Polish population. 3. The entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was screened for the presence of germline mutations, by use of SSCP followed by direct sequencing of observed variants. 4. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning a disease "breast-ovarian cancer": 1. The single family with a BRCA2 mutation had the breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. 2. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer": 1. Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Polish families with breast-ovarian cancer.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "BRCA1" and a disease "breast-ovarian cancer" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "levodopa" and a disease "dyskinesias". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease.
- Abstract of the article: Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "levodopa": 1. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 2. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Sentences mentioning a disease "dyskinesias": 1. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "levodopa" and a disease "dyskinesias": 1. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "levodopa" and a disease "dyskinesias" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "apomorphine" and a chemical "levodopa". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease.
- Abstract of the article: Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "apomorphine": 1. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use. 2. Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease. 3. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. 4. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. 5. Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 6. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. 7. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 8. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. 9. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "levodopa": 1. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 2. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "apomorphine" and a chemical "levodopa": 1. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 2. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "apomorphine" and a chemical "levodopa" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "apomorphine" and a disease "dyskinesias". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease.
- Abstract of the article: Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "apomorphine": 1. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use. 2. Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease. 3. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. 4. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. 5. Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 6. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. 7. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 8. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. 9. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study.
Sentences mentioning a disease "dyskinesias": 1. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "apomorphine" and a disease "dyskinesias": 1. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "apomorphine" and a disease "dyskinesias" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "Apomorphine" and a disease "Parkinson's disease". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease.
- Abstract of the article: Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "Apomorphine": 1. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use. 2. Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease. 3. The main side effects of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment are related to cutaneous tolerability problems, whereas sedation and psychiatric complications play a lesser role. 4. Extended follow-up studies of up to 8 years have demonstrated long-term persistence of apomorphine efficacy. 5. Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 6. In addition, there is convincing clinical evidence that monotherapy with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions is associated with marked reductions of preexisting levodopa-induced dyskinesias. 7. A number of small scale clinical trials have unequivocally shown that intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections produce antiparkinsonian benefit close if not identical to that seen with levodopa and that apomorphine rescue injections can reliably revert off-periods even in patients with complex on-off motor swings. 8. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusions can reduce daily off-time by more than 50% in this group of patients, which appears to be a stronger effect than that generally seen with add-on therapy with oral dopamine agonists or COMT inhibitors. 9. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study.
Sentences mentioning a disease "Parkinson's disease": 1. Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 2. Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease. 3. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use. 4. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study.
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "Apomorphine" and a disease "Parkinson's disease": 1. Apomorphine was the first dopaminergic drug ever used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 2. Apomorphine: an underutilized therapy for Parkinson's disease. 3. Given the marked degree of efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine treatment in fluctuating Parkinson's disease, this approach seems to deserve more widespread clinical use. 4. While powerful antiparkinsonian effects had been observed as early as 1951, the potential of treating fluctuating Parkinson's disease by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine has only recently become the subject of systematic study.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "Apomorphine" and a disease "Parkinson's disease" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "uterine sarcoma" and a gene or protein "Rab6c". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
- Abstract of the article: A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "uterine sarcoma": 1. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines.
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. 2. A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. 3. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 4. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. 5. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells. 6. Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "uterine sarcoma" and a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "uterine sarcoma" and a gene or protein "Rab6c" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vincristine". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
- Abstract of the article: A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. 2. A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. 3. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 4. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. 5. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells. 6. Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "vincristine": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vincristine": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vincristine" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vinblastine". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
- Abstract of the article: A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. 2. A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. 3. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 4. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. 5. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells. 6. Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "vinblastine": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vinblastine": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "vinblastine" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "taxol". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
- Abstract of the article: A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. 2. A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. 3. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 4. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. 5. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells. 6. Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "taxol": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "taxol": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "taxol" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "doxorubicin". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
- Abstract of the article: A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "Rab6c": 1. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector. 2. A new Rab6 homolog cDNA, Rab6c, was discovered by a hypermethylated DNA fragment probe that was isolated from a human multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line, MCF7/AdrR, by the methylation sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) technique. 3. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 4. Rab6c was found to be under-expressed in MCF7/AdrR and MES-SA/Dx5 (a human MDR uterine sarcoma cell line) compared with their non-MDR parental cell lines. 5. These results indicate that Rab6c is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells. 6. Rab6c, a new member of the rab gene family, is involved in drug resistance in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "doxorubicin": 1. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 2. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "doxorubicin": 1. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that the transfectants' diminished resistance to DOX was caused by increased drug accumulation induced by the exogenous Rab6c. 2. MCF7/AdrR cells expressing the exogenous Rab6c exhibited less resistance to several anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), taxol, vinblastine, and vincristine, than the control cells containing the empty vector.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "Rab6c" and a chemical "doxorubicin" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "tacrolimus". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "calcineurin": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. 2. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "tacrolimus": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "tacrolimus": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "tacrolimus" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "cyclosporine". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "calcineurin": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. 2. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "cyclosporine": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "cyclosporine": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "calcineurin" and a chemical "cyclosporine" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "hepatorenal syndrome" and a chemical "creatinine". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "hepatorenal syndrome": 1. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 2. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "creatinine": 1. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. 2. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. 3. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. 4. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 5. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD.
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "hepatorenal syndrome" and a chemical "creatinine": 1. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 2. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "hepatorenal syndrome" and a chemical "creatinine" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "tacrolimus" and a disease "nephrotoxic". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "tacrolimus": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Sentences mentioning a disease "nephrotoxic": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. 2. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%).
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "tacrolimus" and a disease "nephrotoxic": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "tacrolimus" and a disease "nephrotoxic" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "CRF" and a chemical "creatinine". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "CRF": 1. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. 2. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. 3. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. 4. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. 5. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. 6. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. 7. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). 8. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 9. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. 10. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. 11. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. 12. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment. 13. This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. 14. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Sentences mentioning a chemical "creatinine": 1. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. 2. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. 3. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. 4. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 5. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD.
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "CRF" and a chemical "creatinine": 1. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. 2. Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. 3. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. 4. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. 5. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "CRF" and a chemical "creatinine" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a chemical "cyclosporine" and a disease "nephrotoxic". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment.
- Abstract of the article: BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. Their use in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has dramatically improved success rates. Recently, however, we have had an increase of patients who are presenting after OLTX with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This retrospective study examines the incidence and treatment of ESRD and chronic renal failure (CRF) in OLTX patients. METHODS: Patients receiving an OLTX only from June 1985 through December of 1994 who survived 6 months postoperatively were studied (n=834). Our prospectively collected database was the source of information. Patients were divided into three groups: Controls, no CRF or ESRD, n=748; CRF, sustained serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl, n=41; and ESRD, n=45. Groups were compared for preoperative laboratory variables, diagnosis, postoperative variables, survival, type of ESRD therapy, and survival from onset of ESRD. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%). Compared with control patients, CRF and ESRD patients had higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, a greater percentage of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, higher percentage requirement for dialysis in the first 3 months postoperatively, and a higher 1-year serum creatinine. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using preoperative and postoperative variables identified that an increase of serum creatinine compared with average at 1 year, 3 months, and 4 weeks postoperatively were independent risk factors for the development of CRF or ESRD with odds ratios of 2.6, 2.2, and 1.6, respectively. Overall survival from the time of OLTX was not significantly different among groups, but by year 13, the survival of the patients who had ESRD was only 28.2% compared with 54.6% in the control group. Patients developing ESRD had a 6-year survival after onset of ESRD of 27% for the patients receiving hemodialysis versus 71.4% for the patients developing ESRD who subsequently received kidney transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are more than 10 years post-OLTX have CRF and ESRD at a high rate. The development of ESRD decreases survival, particularly in those patients treated with dialysis only. Patients who develop ESRD have a higher preoperative and 1-year serum creatinine and are more likely to have hepatorenal syndrome. However, an increase of serum creatinine at various times postoperatively is more predictive of the development of CRF or ESRD. New strategies for long-term immunosuppression may be needed to decrease this complication.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a chemical "cyclosporine": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Sentences mentioning a disease "nephrotoxic": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic. 2. RESULTS: At 13 years after OLTX, the incidence of severe renal dysfunction was 18.1% (CRF 8.6% and ESRD 9.5%).
Sentences mentioning both entities a chemical "cyclosporine" and a disease "nephrotoxic": 1. BACKGROUND: The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus are both known to be nephrotoxic.
Task: Identify the relationship between a chemical "cyclosporine" and a disease "nephrotoxic" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "SOD1" and a disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype.
- Abstract of the article: More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Uniquely, D90A-SOD1 has been identified in recessive, dominant and apparently sporadic pedigrees. The phenotype of homozygotes is stereotyped with an extended survival, whereas that of affected heterozygotes varies. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there. Our earlier study indicated separate founders for recessive and dominant/sporadic ALS and we proposed a disease-modifying factor linked to the recessive mutation. Here we have doubled our sample set and employed novel markers to characterise the mutation's origin and localise any modifying factor. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicates that D90A homozygotes and heterozygotes share a rare haplotype and are all descended from a single ancient founder (alpha 0.974) c.895 generations ago. Homozygotes arose subsequently only c.63 generations ago (alpha 0.878). Recombination has reduced the region shared by recessive kindreds to 97-265 kb around SOD1, excluding all neighbouring genes. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "SOD1": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. Recombination has reduced the region shared by recessive kindreds to 97-265 kb around SOD1, excluding all neighbouring genes. 3. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression. 4. Uniquely, D90A-SOD1 has been identified in recessive, dominant and apparently sporadic pedigrees. 5. More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. 6. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there.
Sentences mentioning a disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression. 3. More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. 4. Our earlier study indicated separate founders for recessive and dominant/sporadic ALS and we proposed a disease-modifying factor linked to the recessive mutation. 5. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "SOD1" and a disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there. 3. More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. 4. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "SOD1" and a disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "D90A" and a disease "ALS". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype.
- Abstract of the article: More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Uniquely, D90A-SOD1 has been identified in recessive, dominant and apparently sporadic pedigrees. The phenotype of homozygotes is stereotyped with an extended survival, whereas that of affected heterozygotes varies. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there. Our earlier study indicated separate founders for recessive and dominant/sporadic ALS and we proposed a disease-modifying factor linked to the recessive mutation. Here we have doubled our sample set and employed novel markers to characterise the mutation's origin and localise any modifying factor. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicates that D90A homozygotes and heterozygotes share a rare haplotype and are all descended from a single ancient founder (alpha 0.974) c.895 generations ago. Homozygotes arose subsequently only c.63 generations ago (alpha 0.878). Recombination has reduced the region shared by recessive kindreds to 97-265 kb around SOD1, excluding all neighbouring genes. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "D90A": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression. 3. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicates that D90A homozygotes and heterozygotes share a rare haplotype and are all descended from a single ancient founder (alpha 0.974) c.895 generations ago. 4. Uniquely, D90A-SOD1 has been identified in recessive, dominant and apparently sporadic pedigrees. 5. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there.
Sentences mentioning a disease "ALS": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression. 3. More than 100 different heterozygous mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. 4. Our earlier study indicated separate founders for recessive and dominant/sporadic ALS and we proposed a disease-modifying factor linked to the recessive mutation. 5. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "D90A" and a disease "ALS": 1. D90A-SOD1 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single founder for all cases with evidence for a Cis-acting disease modifier in the recessive haplotype. 2. The frequency of D90A-SOD1 is 50 times higher in Scandinavia (2.5%) than elsewhere, though ALS prevalence is not raised there. 3. We propose that a cis-acting regulatory polymorphism has arisen close to D90A-SOD1 in the recessive founder, which decreases ALS susceptibility in heterozygotes and slows disease progression.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "D90A" and a disease "ALS" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Negative_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "arylsulfatase A" and a disease "metachromatic leukodystrophy". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: molecular pathology in two siblings.
- Abstract of the article: We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). In that allele arginine84, a residue that is highly conserved in the arylsulfatase gene family, is replaced by glutamine. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "arylsulfatase A": 1. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD.. 2. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. 3. We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). 4. In that allele arginine84, a residue that is highly conserved in the arylsulfatase gene family, is replaced by glutamine.
Sentences mentioning a disease "metachromatic leukodystrophy": 1. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD.. 2. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. 3. We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). 4. Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: molecular pathology in two siblings.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "arylsulfatase A" and a disease "metachromatic leukodystrophy": 1. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD.. 2. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. 3. We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD).
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "arylsulfatase A" and a disease "metachromatic leukodystrophy" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "arginine84" and a disease "MLD". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: molecular pathology in two siblings.
- Abstract of the article: We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). In that allele arginine84, a residue that is highly conserved in the arylsulfatase gene family, is replaced by glutamine. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD..
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "arginine84": 1. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. 2. In that allele arginine84, a residue that is highly conserved in the arylsulfatase gene family, is replaced by glutamine.
Sentences mentioning a disease "MLD": 1. A comparison of genotypes, ARSA activities, and clinical data on 4 individuals carrying the allele of 81 patients with MLD examined, further validates the concept that different degrees of residual ARSA activity are the basis of phenotypical variation in MLD.. 2. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity. 3. We report on a new allele at the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) locus causing late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). 4. Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: molecular pathology in two siblings.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "arginine84" and a disease "MLD": 1. In contrast to alleles that cause early-onset MLD, the arginine84 to glutamine substitution is associated with some residual ARSA activity.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "arginine84" and a disease "MLD" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "GJB2" and a disease "non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Low frequency of deafness-associated GJB2 variants in Kenya and Sudan and novel GJB2 variants.
- Abstract of the article: A large proportion of non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (NSARD) in many populations is caused by variants of the GJB2 gene. Here, the frequency of GJB2 variants was studied in 406 and 183 apparently unrelated children from Kenya and Sudan, respectively, with mostly severe to profound non-syndromic deafness. Nine (2.2 %) Kenyan and 12 (6.6 %) of the Sudanese children only were carriers of variants within the coding sequence of the GJB2 gene. Variants in the 5'-adjacent region were detected in further 115 individuals. A total of 10 novel variants was recognized, among them four variants in the adjacent 5'-region of the GJB2 coding exon 2 (g.3318-6T>A, g.3318-15C>T, g.3318-34C>T, g.3318-35T>G), a 6 base-pair deletion (g.3455_3460del [p.Asp46_Gln48delinsGlu]), a variant leading to a stop codon (g.3512C>A [p.Tyr65X]), synonymous variants (g.3395C>T [p.Thr26], g.3503C>T [p.Asn62], g.3627A>C [p.Arg104]), and one non-synonymous variant (g.3816C>A [p.Val167Met]). In addition, the previously described variants g.3352delG (commonly designated 30delG or 35 delG), g.3426G>A [p.Val37Ile], g.3697G>A [p.Arg127His], g.3774G>A [p.Val153Ile], and g.3795G>A [p.Gly160Ser] were identified. With the exception of g.3318-34C>T and g.3352delG, all variants occurred heterozygously. For most of the variants identified in the Kenyan and Sudanese study population, a causative association with NSARD appears to be unlikely. Compared to many other ethnic groups, deafness-associated variants of the coding region of GJB2 are rare in Sudan and Kenya, suggesting a role of other genetic, or epigenetic factors as a cause for deafness in these countries.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "GJB2": 1. Compared to many other ethnic groups, deafness-associated variants of the coding region of GJB2 are rare in Sudan and Kenya, suggesting a role of other genetic, or epigenetic factors as a cause for deafness in these countries. 2. A total of 10 novel variants was recognized, among them four variants in the adjacent 5'-region of the GJB2 coding exon 2 (g.3318-6T>A, g.3318-15C>T, g.3318-34C>T, g.3318-35T>G), a 6 base-pair deletion (g.3455_3460del [p.Asp46_Gln48delinsGlu]), a variant leading to a stop codon (g.3512C>A [p.Tyr65X]), synonymous variants (g.3395C>T [p.Thr26], g.3503C>T [p.Asn62], g.3627A>C [p.Arg104]), and one non-synonymous variant (g.3816C>A [p.Val167Met]). 3. Low frequency of deafness-associated GJB2 variants in Kenya and Sudan and novel GJB2 variants. 4. Here, the frequency of GJB2 variants was studied in 406 and 183 apparently unrelated children from Kenya and Sudan, respectively, with mostly severe to profound non-syndromic deafness. 5. Nine (2.2 %) Kenyan and 12 (6.6 %) of the Sudanese children only were carriers of variants within the coding sequence of the GJB2 gene. 6. A large proportion of non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (NSARD) in many populations is caused by variants of the GJB2 gene.
Sentences mentioning a disease "non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness": 1. A large proportion of non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (NSARD) in many populations is caused by variants of the GJB2 gene. 2. For most of the variants identified in the Kenyan and Sudanese study population, a causative association with NSARD appears to be unlikely.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "GJB2" and a disease "non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness": 1. A large proportion of non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (NSARD) in many populations is caused by variants of the GJB2 gene.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "GJB2" and a disease "non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "N157K" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "N157K": 1. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K.
Sentences mentioning a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "N157K" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "N157K" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia" and a gene or protein "PCSK9". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "PCSK9": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 3. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. 4. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 5. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene.
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia" and a gene or protein "PCSK9": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia" and a gene or protein "PCSK9" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a chemical "cholesterol". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "PCSK9": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 3. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. 4. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 5. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene.
Sentences mentioning a chemical "cholesterol": 1. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a chemical "cholesterol": 1. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a chemical "cholesterol" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a disease "hypercholesterolemia". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "PCSK9": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 3. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. 4. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 5. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene.
Sentences mentioning a disease "hypercholesterolemia": 1. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. 2. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. 3. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a disease "hypercholesterolemia": 1. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "PCSK9" and a disease "hypercholesterolemia" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a variant "D374Y" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a variant "D374Y": 1. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. 2. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study.
Sentences mentioning a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia": 1. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. 2. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Sentences mentioning both entities a variant "D374Y" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia": There is no sentence that contains both these two entities.
Task: Identify the relationship between a variant "D374Y" and a disease "autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Positive_Correlation</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a disease "hypercholesterolemia" and a variant "D374Y". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
- Abstract of the article: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is at a locus for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, and recent data indicate that the PCSK9 gene is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. Two novel missense mutations were detected in the catalytic subdomain of the PCSK9 gene. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study. Our findings support the notion that mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a disease "hypercholesterolemia": 1. In this study, DNA sequencing of the 12 exons of the PCSK9 gene has been performed in 51 Norwegian subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia where mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and mutation R3500Q in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene had been excluded. 2. Mutations within this gene have previously been found to segregate with hypercholesterolemia. 3. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study.
Sentences mentioning a variant "D374Y": 1. Two patients were heterozygotes for D374Y, and one patient was a double heterozygote for D374Y and N157K. 2. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study.
Sentences mentioning both entities a disease "hypercholesterolemia" and a variant "D374Y": 1. D374Y segregated with hypercholesterolemia in the two former families where family members were available for study.
Task: Identify the relationship between a disease "hypercholesterolemia" and a variant "D374Y" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "alpha-B crystallin" and a disease "DRM". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene.
- Abstract of the article: Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "alpha-B crystallin": 1. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases.
Sentences mentioning a disease "DRM": 1. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. 2. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 3. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies. 4. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. 5. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. 6. Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene. 7. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. 8. Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. 9. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "alpha-B crystallin" and a disease "DRM": 1. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "alpha-B crystallin" and a disease "DRM" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "desmin" and a disease "DRMs". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene.
- Abstract of the article: Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "desmin": 1. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. 2. Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin.
Sentences mentioning a disease "DRMs": 1. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. 2. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 3. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies. 4. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. 5. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. 6. Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene. 7. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. 8. Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. 9. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "desmin" and a disease "DRMs": 1. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. 2. Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "desmin" and a disease "DRMs" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
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<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "multiminicore disease". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene.
- Abstract of the article: Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "SEPN1": 1. Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene. 2. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. 3. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 4. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients.
Sentences mentioning a disease "multiminicore disease": 1. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "multiminicore disease": 1. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "multiminicore disease" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "rigid spine muscular dystrophy". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene.
- Abstract of the article: Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "SEPN1": 1. Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene. 2. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. 3. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 4. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients.
Sentences mentioning a disease "rigid spine muscular dystrophy": 1. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "rigid spine muscular dystrophy": 1. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "rigid spine muscular dystrophy" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
Your task involves analyzing the title and abstract of a medical article to determine the relationship between two specified entities: a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "SEPN-related myopathy". Follow the context and analysis tips provided to assist in your response.
<</SYS>>
Context:
- Title of the article: Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene.
- Abstract of the article: Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin. Mutations in the desmin and the alpha-B crystallin genes account for approximately one third of the DRM cases. The genetic basis of the other forms remain unknown, including the early-onset, recessive form with Mallory body-like inclusions (MB-DRMs), first described in five related German patients. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies.
Tips for Analysis:
Sentences mentioning a gene or protein "SEPN1": 1. Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions is caused by mutations of the selenoprotein N gene. 2. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. 3. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 4. In the original MB-DRM German family, we demonstrated a linkage of the disease to the SEPN1 locus (1p36), and subsequently a homozygous SEPN1 deletion (del 92 nucleotide -19/+73) in the affected patients.
Sentences mentioning a disease "SEPN-related myopathy": 1. A comparative reevaluation showed that MB-DRM and SEPN-RM share identical clinical features. 2. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. 3. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1. 4. These findings substantiate the molecular heterogeneity of DRM, expand the morphological spectrum of SEPN-RM, and implicate a necessary reassessment of the nosological boundaries in early-onset myopathies. 5. Therefore, we propose that MB-DRM should be categorized as SEPN-RM. 6. Desmin-related myopathies (DRMs) are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders, morphologically defined by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin.
Sentences mentioning both entities a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "SEPN-related myopathy": 1. Recently, we identified the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) as responsible for SEPN-related myopathy (SEPN-RM), a unique early-onset myopathy formerly divided in two different nosological categories: rigid spine muscular dystrophy and the severe form of classical multiminicore disease. 2. The finding of Mallory body-like inclusions in two cases of genetically documented SEPN-RM led us to suspect a relationship between MB-DRM and SEPN1.
Task: Identify the relationship between a gene or protein "SEPN1" and a disease "SEPN-related myopathy" using the analysis tips. Select from the options: ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. Your choice should be based on the context and tips provided. [/INST] Association</s>
|
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