The development of a " cold - like illness " ( CLI ) usually requires infection with an upper respiratory virus such as rhinovirus , influenza virus , respiratory syncytial virus , parainfluenza virus , coronavirus or adenovirus , among others , and the development of sufficient signs , symptoms and pathophysiologies
In this chapter , we review published studies for evidence of CLI risk - modulating factors
The development of a " cold - like illness " ( CLI ) usually requires infection with an upper respiratory virus such as rhinovirus , influenza virus , respiratory syncytial virus , parainfluenza virus , coronavirus or adenovirus , among others , and the development of sufficient signs , symptoms and pathophysiologies to qualify as being ill based on personal and cultural definitions .
In this chapter , we review published studies for evidence of CLI risk - modulating factors and report that climate , crowding and perhaps female gender can affect the probability of exposure to vURTI viruses , that extant immunological factors and age can affect the probability of virus infection given exposure , that stress levels ( moderated by social environment ) , health practices ( exercise , tobacco and alcohol consumption , sleep efficiency ) and genetics contribute to CLI risk most probably by modulating the immune - inflammatory response to infection , and that other factors such as pollution , home environment and certain personality traits affect CLI risk by biasing illness interpretation for a given set of symptoms and signs .