QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Hypokalaemia presents with fatigue and muscle cramps. On an ECG, you would observe ST depression and a prolonged PR interval.

Remember: Hypokalaemia causes ST depression, whereas Hyperkalaemia causes 'tall-tented' T waves! Imagine arrows going down for hypokalaemia and up for hyperkalaemia - this represents which way the T waves will effectively 'stretch'.
10004798
c
Hypokalaemia
QuestionChoice
Mitral regurgitation is the backflow of blood across the mitral valve during systole due to the incompetence of the mitral valve. Patients would present with acute symptoms of shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue. ECG features would show right ventricular hypertrophy and right axis deviation.
10004799
d
Mitral regurgitation
QuestionChoice
In atrial fibrillation, there are no distinct P wave patterns, and there is an irregularity in the QRS complexes. Thus, atrial fibrillation is described as being "irregularly irregular".
10004797
b
Atrial fibrillation
QuestionChoice
Atrial flutter is a type of atrial tachycardia, localised to the right atrium. Characteristic ECG findings include a 'sawtooth' appearance. The atrial rate is often around 300 bpm.
10004796
a
Atrial Flutter
QuestionChoice
The stem above describes a heart rate of 300 bpm. Acute bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of less than 60 bpm and is thus excluded as a differential. Clinical features of bradycardia include dizziness, syncope and tiredness.
10004800
e
Acute bradycardia
Concept
Chapter
2693
4336
Atrial Flutter
Topic
134
Cardiology
13506
A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency ward with chest pain, palpitations and dizziness. An ECG shows a characteristic saw-tooth baseline repetition at 300 bpm.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation of this patient's presentation and findings?
a