QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Chronic kidney disease decreases glomerular filtration (GFR) which decreases phosphate excretion. This stimulates the production of FGF-23 which inhibits 1-alpha hydroxylase. This decreases the level of calcitriol and hence reduces intestinal calcium absorption. As a result, the parathyroid gland is stimulated to release more parathyroid hormone. Therefore chronic kidney disease causes secondary **hyperparathyroidism**.
10024272
c
Secondary hypoparathyroidism
QuestionChoice
Due to kidney damage in CKD, there is reduced production of erythropoietin and hence reduced production of red blood cells.
10024270
a
Anaemia
QuestionChoice
Chronic kidney disease results in the reduced conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol. This leads to decreased calcium absorption from the small intestine and subsequent **hypocalcaemia**.
10024274
e
Hypercalcaemia
QuestionChoice
Chronic kidney disease causes sodium and fluid retention. This stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and vasoconstriction, and results in **hypertension**.
10024273
d
Hypotension
QuestionChoice
This is incorrect as chronic kidney disease decreases glomerular filtration (GFR) therefore decreasing potassium excretion. This leads to a high serum potassium level, i.e. **hyperkalaemia**.
10024271
b
Hypokalaemia
Concept
Chapter
2693
4243
Chronic Kidney Disease
Topic
168
Renal Physiology
17252
A 70-year-old male with a background of type 1 diabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia attends his GP for a check-up appointment for his chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic kidney disease?
a