QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
To enter the mitochondria, fatty acyl-CoA is conjugated to carnitine (which takes the place of coenzyme A) by carnitine acyltransferase 1. It can then be bound by translocase in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Once in the mitochondrial matrix, it can be de-conjugated by carnitine acyltransferase 2, becoming fatty acyl-CoA again.
10001078
c
To enter the mitochondria, fatty acyl-CoA must be bound to translocase in the cytoplasm. Once bound, it can then freely diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane
QuestionChoice
ACP is a co-factor which is added to 3-carbon malonyl-groups by switching places with the co-enzyme A on malonyl-CoA. This generates malonyl-ACP.
10001077
b
Acyl carrier proteins (ACP) cofactors must first be added to fatty acids to facilitate beta-oxidation
QuestionChoice
Beta-oxidation releases an acetyl-CoA molecule, an FADH2 molecule and an NADH molecule for each 2-carbon unit of fatty acid. Oxidative glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 acetyl-CoA molecules, 2 NADH molecules and 2 ATP molecules per 6-carbon glucose molecule. Through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, these products are converted to a total of 17.7 ATP per 2 carbon unit of fatty acid (Mr=28) and 34.2 ATP per 6 carbon unit of glucose (Mr=180). Therefore per gram of molecular weight, beta-oxidation with oxidative phosphorylation generates 0.63 moles of ATP whilst oxidative glycolysis with oxidative phosphorylation generates 0.19 moles of ATP.
10001079
d
The process of beta-oxidation and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation releases less energy per gram than oxidative glycolysis and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation
QuestionChoice
This is the final stage of beta-oxidation. Prior to this stage, fatty acyl-CoA is oxidised by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and the resulting trans-delta-squared enoyl-CoA is hydrated by enoyl-CoA hydratase. Hydroxyacyl-CoA is then oxidised by hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to ketoacyl-CoA.
10001076
a
Beta-oxidation involves the thiolysis of ketoacyl-CoA into the shorter fatty acids acyl-CoA and acetyl CoA
QuestionChoice
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases use FAD cofactors and are divided into 4 types: very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Each dehydrogenase processes fatty acyl-CoA molecules of different lengths during beta-oxidation. Reduction in the activity of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases by a compound in unripe ackee fruit inhibits beta-oxidation causing the depletion of glycogen reserves, resulting in Jamaican vomiting sickness.

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10001080
e
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are NAD+ dependent
Concept
Chapter
2693
3879
Beta oxidation of fatty acids
Topic
180
Biochemistry
12762
Which of these statements about beta-oxidation is true?
a