QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Mitral stenosis causes a mid-diastolic murmur due to the passive flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle through a stenosed mitral valve during diastole.

Atrial fibrillation occurs in mitral stenosis due to increased left atrial pressure which leads to electrical remodelling and hypertrophy of the left atrium.
10003571
a
Mitral stenosis
QuestionChoice
Aortic stenosis typically causes an ejection-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur due to the narrowing of the aortic valve.
10003573
c
Aortic stenosis
QuestionChoice
It is technically possible for symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to present this late in life, however, HCM most commonly presents in mid-life. Symptoms of HCM include exertional dyspnoea, chest pain, fatigue and exertional syncope. It also usually causes an ejection-systolic murmur.
10003574
d
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
QuestionChoice
Mitral regurgitation causes a pan-systolic murmur due to the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
10003575
e
Mitral regurgitation
QuestionChoice
Aortic regurgitation causes an early diastolic murmur due to the backflow of blood through an inadequately closed aortic valve.
10003572
b
Aortic regurgitation
Concept
Chapter
2693
3720
Mitral stenosis
Topic
134
Cardiology
13261
A 79-year-old female visits her GP as she has been experiencing increasing breathlessness on exertion over the last 6 months.

On examination, her pulse is 72 bpm and is irregularly irregular. Her blood pressure is 117/74 mmHg. Her GP notices a diastolic murmur on auscultation.

What is the most likely cause of her murmur?
a