QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
This answer is incorrect. Shortness of breath on exertion is a key feature in left-sided heart failure. It is caused by both pulmonary congestion and an inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood to meet the increased metabolic demands of the body.
10007262
b
Shortness of breath on exertion
QuestionChoice
This answer is correct. When the right ventricle cannot pump blood effectively into the pulmonary circulation, blood backs up in the venous system. This leads to congestion within the liver and portal venous system, which can result in ascites.
10007261
a
Ascites
QuestionChoice
This answer is incorrect. Bibasal fine crackles on auscultation of the lungs are a sign of left-sided heart failure. The build-up of blood prior to the left ventricle causes congestion in the pulmonary system. This leads to pulmonary oedema which can be heard as bibasal fine crackles on auscultation.
10007264
d
Bibasal fine crackles
QuestionChoice
This answer is incorrect. Orthopnoea is a symptom of left-sided heart failure due to congestion in the pulmonary system.
10007263
c
Orthopnoea
QuestionChoice
This answer is incorrect. Hypertension is not a sign of left or right-sided heart failure. However, chronic hypertension is a risk factor for the development of heart failure.
10007265
e
Hypertension
Concept
Chapter
2693
4582
Heart failure
Topic
159
Cardiovascular physiology
13999
An 82-year-old woman with heart failure attends the GP surgery for her annual heart failure review. Her regular medications include ramipril, bisoprolol, spironolactone, and furosemide.

Her most recent echocardiogram showed both left and right sided cardiac failure.

Which of the following findings is a sign of right-sided heart failure?
a