QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
These are effects associated with long-term glucocorticoid use, for example in the treatment of autoimmune conditions.
10027229
d
Osteoporosis, facial erythema, acne, central obesity, skin thinning
QuestionChoice
These are side effects associated with lithium, a mood-stabilising drug often used in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder.
10027228
c
Diabetes insipidus, lethargy, hypothyroidism, metallic taste in the mouth
QuestionChoice
Metabolic side effects, such as weight gain, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and anticholinergic side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, urine retention and blurred vision, commonly occur with the 2nd generation, ‘atypical’ antipsychotics. These may also occur with the 1st generation antipsychotics, but less commonly and to a lesser degree. Extrapyramidal and hyperprolactinaemia side effects are more characteristic of the 1st generation antipsychotic drugs.
10027227
b
Weight gain, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, dry mouth, constipation
QuestionChoice
These are side effects of bisphosphonates and pyrophosphate analogues used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. An acute phase response involving fever, myalgia and arthralgia is common, whereas oesophagitis and osteonecrosis of the jaw are rare.
10027230
e
Oesophagitis, fever, myalgia, arthralgia, osteonecrosis of the jaw
QuestionChoice
1st generation, or ’typical’, antipsychotics are associated with a wide range of side effects, the most characteristic being extrapyramidal side effects, such as tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, rigidity and tremor. They are also associated with hyperprolactinaemia, causing sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, amenorrhoea, galactorrhea and gynecomastia. A variety of others may also occur, such as metabolic and anticholinergic side effects, but these are less specific to 1st generation antipsychotics and may occur with a range of medications.
10027226
a
Rigidity, tremor, sexual dysfunction, tardive dyskinesia, galactorrhea
Concept
Chapter
2693
5966
Typical antipsychotics
Topic
172
Pharmacology of the Nervous System
17843
Which set of side effects are most characteristic of 1st generation (‘typical’) antipsychotic medications, such as haloperidol?
a