QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
The most likely diagnosis is croup, for which steroids should be administered in the first instance. Nebulised (not injected) adrenaline can be considered as a second-line treatment until steroids take effect.
10036044
c
Intramuscular adrenaline
QuestionChoice
The most likely diagnosis is croup, which is generally caused by a viral infection. Steroids should be administered immediately to help reduce airway oedema.
10036045
d
Intravenous antibiotics
QuestionChoice
Given that croup primarily affects the upper respiratory tract (which does not contain smooth muscle), salbutamol is unlikely to be of benefit. Oral dexamethasone should be administered immediately.
10036043
b
Inhaled salbutamol
QuestionChoice
The most likely diagnosis is croup, for which steroids should be administered in the first instance. Nebulised adrenaline can be considered as a second-line treatment until steroids take effect.
10036046
e
Nebulised adrenaline
QuestionChoice
The most likely diagnosis is croup. The next best step to take is to administer steroids to help control inflammation. First-line treatment is oral dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg), however, if the child is too unwell to take this, they can be given inhaled budesonide or parenteral dexamethasone.
10036042
a
Oral dexamethasone
Concept
Chapter
2693
4401
Croup
Topic
153
Paediatrics
19612
Croup is characterised by a barking cough and stridor, often requiring oral dexamethasone for inflammation management.
An 8-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents after developing a loud cough on a background of coryzal symptoms. They have also noticed a harsh high-pitched sound when she breathes in. Her observations are within normal limits except for a mild fever. She has mild stridor at rest. Her parents have given her oral paracetamol.

What is the best next step in management?
a