QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
This is a cause of glomerulonephritis in adults associated with sickle cell disease and HIV. It is not commonly seen in children. Therefore, this is not the correct answer.
10008197
c
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
QuestionChoice
This is a type of glomerulonephritis which presents as haematuria following an upper respiratory tract infection. It is more common in the late teenage years and late 30s, and it would not usually cause nephrotic syndrome.
10008199
e
IgA nephropathy
QuestionChoice
A urinary tract infection is common in children but it would not present as described above. Common features of a urinary tract infection include urinary frequency, dysuria and suprapubic pain. It is also not a cause of nephrotic syndrome, therefore it is not the correct answer.
10008198
d
Urinary tract infection
QuestionChoice
This is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It presents in a similar way but not in this age group. Therefore, this answer is not correct.
10008196
b
Membranous nephropathy
QuestionChoice
This is the correct answer. Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It presents with periorbital and peripheral oedema, proteinuria and frothy urine; exactly as described in this case.
10008195
a
Minimal change disease
Concept
Chapter
2693
4060
Nephrotic Syndrome
Topic
142
Nephrology
14186
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the GP by his mother. She is concerned as his eyes appear very puffy and his ankles are swollen. She has also noticed her son’s urine to be more frothy recently. He is apyrexial and has no other urinary symptoms.

The GP performs a urine dip which reveals proteinuria. He suspects the boy is suffering from nephrotic syndrome.

Which of the following is most likely cause of his nephrotic syndrome?
a