QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
The uterus is a hollow pear-shaped organ. It is a thick-walled muscular organ connected distally to the vagina and laterally to the uterine tubes. It consists of three parts: the fundus – the top of the uterus, the body – usually the site of implantation and the cervix – the lower part of the uterus linking it with the vagina.
10014219
b
Uterus
QuestionChoice
This represents the caudal extension of the peritoneal cavity. It may also be known as the rectovaginal/rectouterine pouch in females and the rectovesical pouch in males.
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c
The pouch of Douglas
QuestionChoice
This is the opening of the cervix and the upper part of the uterus
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e
The internal OS
QuestionChoice
This is the muscular tube which connects from the vaginal orifice to the cervix.
10014221
d
Vagina
QuestionChoice
The cervix is the lower, narrower end of the uterus connecting the uterus to the vagina.
10014218
a
Cervix
Concept
Chapter
## Summary

The cervix is a fibromuscular organ that forms the most inferior part of the uterus and acts as the connection between the vagina inferiorly and the rest of the uterus superiorly. 

It is lined by two types of cells, squamous epithelium inferiorly and columnar epithelium superiorly.

## Anatomy

The cervix is located between the uterus and the vagina and has two openings

1. The **internal ostium** - which communicates directly with the uterus
2. The **external ostium** - which communicates directly with the vagina

The **cervical canal** (the ***endocervix***) lies between the internal and external ostium and is lined with **simple columnar epithelium**. The external ostium is clinically relevant, as it marks the end of the cervical canal.

The outer part of the cervix which communicates directly with the superior vagina is known as the **ectocervix**, and is lined by **stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium**.

The junction between the two types of epithelium is known as the **transitional zone** or **squamocolumnar junction** - this is clinically relevant as in some malignancies and pre-malignancies of the cervix this area may be removed.

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## Clinical points
Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) can cause dysplasia of the cells in the transitional zone which can lead to malignant transformation.
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Picture
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vagina.gif
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LwgODwD2l4h6h3eLd5doh4h3mZAoB4MG
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Cervix
Topic
237
Pelvic Anatomy
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Picture
1975
5- Cervix.png
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Topic
237
Pelvic Anatomy
Name the annotated structure.

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a