QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
ARB competitively bind to AT1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle preventing angiotensin II from binding and causing vasoconstriction. They have a mortality benefit in patients with heart failure.
10024429
e
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
QuestionChoice
Beta-blockers work by decreasing preload and afterload and improving left ventricular function. They have a mortality benefit in patients with heart failure.
10024427
c
Beta-blocker
QuestionChoice
ACE inhibitors decrease preload and afterload which increases cardiac output. ACE inhibitors do have a mortality benefit in heart failure and are strongly recommended as a first-line treatment.
10024426
b
ACE inhibitor
QuestionChoice
These are potassium-sparing diuretics which promote sodium and water excretion. They also have a mortality benefit in patients with heart failure.
10024428
d
Aldosterone antagonists
QuestionChoice
Loop diuretics, e.g. furosemide, are used for symptom management in heart failure. Loop diuretics promote diuresis by blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption. The overall effect of this is reduced shortness of breath and peripheral oedema.  There is not enough evidence to suggest that this improves survival.
10024425
a
Loop diuretics
Concept
Chapter
2693
3798
Heart Failure
Topic
134
Cardiology
17283
A 73-year-old male presents to his GP with a 3-month history of shortness of breath which is worse on exertion and moderate leg swelling at the ankles.  When asked, he admits he has been finding it difficult to sleep flat and has to use a few pillows. He has a background history of aortic stenosis and hypertension and has a 30-pack-year history.

Which of the following heart failure medications only provide symptomatic relief?
a