QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Thiazides act on the Na-Cl co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule. They inhibit chloride reabsorption, causing the excretion of chloride, sodium and water. This leads to hyponatremia.
10024284
e
Thiazide diuretic use
QuestionChoice
Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in increased water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, diluting the blood. This excess water reduces the sodium concentration, causing hyponatraemia.
10024281
b
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
QuestionChoice
Adrenal insufficiency refers to an inadequate production of the steroid hormones, aldosterone and cortisol. Aldosterone acts on Na+-K+ pumps to increase urinary potassium secretion and increase sodium reabsorption. A deficit of this hormone therefore leads to a high potassium (hyperkalaemia) and a low sodium (hyponatremia).
10024283
d
Adrenal insufficiency
QuestionChoice
Diabetes insipidus is the lack of production or response to anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). This causes decreased water reabsorption from the collecting duct into the vasculature which decreases blood volume and increases sodium concentration (hypernatremia).
10024280
a
Diabetes insipidus
QuestionChoice
Nephrotic syndrome causes loss of albumin in the glomerulus which decreases the plasma oncotic pressure, inducing hyponatremia.
10024282
c
Nephrotic syndrome
Concept
Chapter
2693
5765
Hypernatremia
Topic
170
Clinical Chemistry
17254
A 50-year-old patient is brought to the hospital by their daughter due to increasing confusion and agitation. Blood tests reveal a sodium level of 149 mmol/L (normal range 135-145 mmol/L).


Which of the following is a possible cause of this patient’s hypernatremia?
a