QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Approximately 25% of people have a PFO. It is an opening between the right and left atria and is not considered a congenital heart defect as there is no septal tissue missing and no significant shunting. Rarely it can cause a paradoxical embolic event.
10004063
c
Patent foramen ovale
QuestionChoice
This is characterized by a hole in the ventricular septum. It can result in blood flow from the left to the right ventricle which can lead to heart failure and stunted growth. It is not linked to profound attacks of cyanosis.
10004062
b
Ventricular septal defect
QuestionChoice
This is characterized by a constricted aortic segment. Patients can present with diminished femoral pulses and differential blood pressures between the upper and lower extremities. Treatment can be either primary surgical repair or balloon angioplasty.
10004064
d
Coarctation of the aorta
QuestionChoice
This involves the narrowing of the pulmonary valve. Most children who have this defect only present with a murmur. In severe cases, infants may have signs of heart failure.
10004065
e
Pulmonary valve stenosis
QuestionChoice
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common complex congenital heart condition. It consists of 4 defects: pulmonary valve stenosis, a large ventricle septal defect, an overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot can experience sudden episodes of cyanosis and hypoxia (tet spell) which is what the infant is presenting with here. This is managed by putting the child into a knee-chest position to increase blood flow to the lungs.
10004061
a
Tetralogy of Fallot
Concept
Chapter
2693
3943
Tetralogy of Fallot
Topic
153
Paediatrics
13359
A 1-year-old infant is placed in a knee-to-chest position on the neonatal ward after suddenly turning blue.

What condition is this infant likely suffering from?
a