QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Although post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis develops in the time frame described in the scenario (1-3 weeks), this is an incorrect answer as there is no mention of glomerulonephritis symptoms in the stem. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by immune complex deposition in the kidneys causing kidney damage. This leads to a loss of filtration ability and function.
10004767
b
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
QuestionChoice
Toxic Shock Syndrome is a serious and life-threatening complication of *Streptococcus pyogenes* infection caused by an immune 'overreaction' to the streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxins A and C.
10004768
c
Toxic Shock Syndrome
QuestionChoice
Although post-streptococcal reactive arthritis is a complication of streptococcal pyogenes infection, it does not fit the stem description. Classically, in post-streptococcal reactive arthritis, numerous joints (polyarthritis) are affected, and the condition "fleets" between them.
10004770
e
Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis
QuestionChoice
Rheumatic fever is a complication of a *Streptococcus pyogenes* infection. It is caused by molecular mimicry when epitopes are shared between the host and the bacterium, namely the Streptococcal M protein. This leads to the immune system mistaking host tissues as 'foreign,' and causes immune cross-reactivity with cardiac myosin. The scenario describes a subsequent complication known as mitral valve regurgitation which presents with shortness of breath and oedema.

Tip: Remember, M for molecular mimicry!
10004766
a
Rheumatic fever
QuestionChoice
Scarlet fever is a complication of *Streptococcus pyogenes* infection. Scarlet fever would present with a fever, abdominal pain and vomiting, as well as a characteristic 'strawberry' tongue.
10004769
d
Scarlet Fever
Concept
Chapter
2693
4330
Rheumatic fever
Topic
194
Infectious Diseases
13500
A 63-year-old man presents to his GP with shortness of breath and swollen feet. He had a recent streptococcal pyogenes infection three weeks ago. Upon examination, a murmur is heard consistent with mitral valve regurgitation, thought to be a consequence of the infection.

Which of the following options most closely describes the systemic complication he is experiencing?
a