QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Malignancy within the bladder may present as painless/ painful haematuria, however, the acuity of the symptoms and the fact that the bladder is not a common site for metastases for NHL render this less likely ( common sites include head and neck and GI tract).
10035556
e
Bladder metastases
QuestionChoice
This is correct. Cyclophosphamide is well documented to cause hemorrhagic cystitis whereby symptoms of haematuria, and dysuria may occur immediately or years after treatment and persist despite discontinuation.
10035552
a
Cyclophosphamide
QuestionChoice
This may cause haematuria, but it is likely to occur immediately post-catheterisation as opposed to 3 days later.
10035553
b
Traumatic catheterisation
QuestionChoice
Side effects associated with ciclosporin are more commonly: gingival hyperplasia, hypertension, increased hair growth and peripheral neuropathy. Haematuria is not common.
10035555
d
Ciclosporin
QuestionChoice
Renal TB may cause haematuria and treatment with rifampicin may cause red urine, however, the absence of any other general symptoms of infection or TB such as fever, cough, dyspnoea, night sweats etc render this less likely.
10035554
c
Opportunistic TB infection
Concept
Chapter
2693
6141
Haematuria
Topic
142
Nephrology
19514
Cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug, can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, which typically presents with dysuria and haematuria shortly after starting treatment.
A 64-year-old gentleman has recently been diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma following lymphadenopathy and weight loss. He was admitted to the oncology ward, catheterised, and commenced on cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin. 3 days later, he complains of dysuria and a nurse notices frank haematuria in his catheter bag.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s haematuria?
a