QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Background retinopathy is characterised by the presence of at least one microaneurysm. It falls under the category of non-proliferative retinopathy.
10002083
b
Background retinopathy
QuestionChoice
This is incorrect as acute retinal necrosis is not a stage of diabetic retinopathy at all. It is a separate condition, which may present as panuveitis and can be viral in origin.
10002086
e
Acute retinal necrosis
QuestionChoice
Cotton wool spots are a hallmark feature of non-proliferative retinopathy and typically appear when the disease is at a moderate stage. Indeed, one of the diagnostic criteria for moderate non-proliferative retinopathy is cotton wool spots, as well as retinal haemorrhages, hard exudates and venous beading.
10002082
a
Moderate non-proliferative retinopathy
QuestionChoice
Whilst cotton wool spots can be seen here, this is a much more advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy (cotton wool spots would likely have been present for a long time). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterised by new vessels on the optic disc and generalised neovascularisation.
10002084
c
Proliferative retinopathy
QuestionChoice
Cotton wool spots are usually seen in non-proliferative retinopathy, but are most likely to first appear during the moderate stage. The diagnostic criteria for severe non-proliferative retinopathy include intraretinal haemorrhages, venous beading in two or more quadrants and multiple intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.
10002085
d
Severe non-proliferative retinopathy
Concept
Chapter
2693
3937
Type 1 Diabetes
Topic
133
Endocrinology
12963
In which stage of diabetic retinopathy are 'cotton wool spots' typically first seen?
a