QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Blood glucose measurements should generally be taken before each meal and at bedtime. These measurements may be taken more regularly when a child is newly diagnosed with Diabetes.
50119
d
Blood glucose should be checked after each meal with a finger prick
QuestionChoice
Insulin pens should be kept in the fridge. The low temperatures of a  freezer may damage the insulin.
50120
e
Insulin pens should be kept in the freezer
QuestionChoice
Patients are advised to inject insulin at a different site each time to prevent lipohypertrophy and excessive skin irritation.
50117
b
Insulin should be injected at the same site each time
QuestionChoice
Glucose tablets and glucose gel, as well as sugary sweets and drinks, can be used to treat hypoglycaemia. Insulin therapy leaves patients at a greater risk of hypoglycaemia. Patients and their parents should be educated on what to do if they experience hypoglycaemia.
50116
a
Start carrying glucose tablets or glucose gel
QuestionChoice
A side effect of insulin is weight gain, not weight loss.
50118
c
Insulin may lead to weight loss
Concept
Chapter
Osteoporosis, otherwise known as thin bones, is a condition associated with high risk of low trauma fractures due to reduced bone mineral density. Osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity, meaning that bone resorption is occurring at a greater rate than bone formation.

**Symptoms and Signs**

- Generally asymptomatic until a fragility fracture occurs
- Back pain
- Kyphosis (stooped posture)
- Fragility fractures

**Risk factors**

- Female sex
- Increasing age
- Smoking
- Corticosteroid use
- Low BMI (< 20-25kg/m<sup>2</sup>)
- Low body weight (<58kg)
- Vitamin D deficiency

**Protective factors**

- Higher BMI
- Exercise - mechanical loading stimulates bone formation

**Diagnosis**
Osteoporosis can be detected on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.
A T score of < -2.5 indicates osteoporosis

**Management**

- Fall prevention
- Vitamin D and calcium supplementation
- Hormone replacement therapy (postmenopausal women)
- Oral bisphosphonates
2657
3603
Insulin and Hypoglycaemia
Topic
91
Paediatrics
10071
Case presentation: An 8-year-old boy receives a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus after being admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis. 


**PH**
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Downs Syndrome

**DH**
NKDA

Management with an insulin regime is initiated.

Question: Select the most important information that should be provided to this patient and their parents.
a