QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
These are again rarer than calcium oxalate stones and are usually seen in patients with excessive dietary protein intake or gout.
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d
Uric acid
QuestionChoice
This is a much rarer composition of a renal stone than calcium oxalate and is usually associated with conditions such as renal tubular acidosis.
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c
Calcium phosphate
QuestionChoice
These are a rare cause of renal stones and usually seen in patients with a rare heritable condition called cystinuria. It can cause recurrent renal stones in affected patients.
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e
Cystine
QuestionChoice
These are typically seen following Proteus mirabalis infection and may cause staghorn calculi. There is no mention of preceding dysuria or increased urinary frequency to suggest preceding UTI.
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b
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
QuestionChoice
This is the most common type of renal stone. It is much more common than calcium phosphate stone formation. Hyercalciuria has many possible causes; including hypercalcaemia or poor fluid intake. Increased dietary oxalate intake (e.g. chocolate and nuts) or having conditions such as IBD also represent risk factors for formation of calcium oxalate stones.
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a
Calcium oxalate
Concept
Chapter
2693
3988
Renal Stones
Topic
143
Urology
18073
Calcium oxalate stones are the most prevalent type of renal calculi, often associated with hypercalciuria.
A 57-year-old male has pain which radiates from his flank towards his groin and has also noticed a dark red tinge to his urine in recent days.

On examination, he has extreme tenderness in the renal angle and is constantly fidgeting.

A CT KUB confirms the presence of a 6mm renal calculus on the left side.

What is the most likely mineral composition of this stone?
a