QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
This patient demonstrates classic features of nephrotic syndrome. The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young children is minimal change disease. By contrast, haemolytic uraemic syndrome is more likely to present with acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. This option is therefore incorrect.
10025694
e
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
QuestionChoice
This patient demonstrates classic features of nephrotic syndrome. The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young children is minimal change disease. By contrast, Henoch-Schönlein purpura causes nephritic syndrome. Symptoms include a purpuric skin rash, joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. This option is therefore incorrect.
10025693
d
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
QuestionChoice
This patient demonstrates classic features of nephrotic syndrome. Whilst membranous nephropathy is another cause of nephrotic syndrome, the most common cause in children is minimal change disease.
10025691
b
Membranous nephropathy
QuestionChoice
This patient demonstrates classic features of nephrotic syndrome. Whilst diabetes mellitus is another cause of nephrotic syndrome, the most common cause in children is minimal change disease. It is less common for a child with no past medical history to present with nephrotic syndrome secondary to diabetes.
10025692
c
Diabetes mellitus
QuestionChoice
This patient demonstrates classic features of nephrotic syndrome. The frothy urine indicates marked proteinuria and the swelling is due to oedema. Blood results would be expected to show hypoalbuminaemia. The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young children is minimal change disease. Whilst not specified in this question, it often occurs after an upper respiratory tract infection.
10025690
a
Minimal change disease
Concept
Chapter
2693
4060
Nephrotic Syndrome
Topic
142
Nephrology
17536
An 8 year old girl is brought to see her GP by her father, who is concerned that her urine has become 'frothy'. There is no blood, and the child denies any dysuria. She is otherwise fit and well and takes no regular medications.

On examination, oedema is noted on both legs. Her face appears swollen, particularly around the eyes. The father confirms this is a change from her usual appearance.

Which of the following is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
a