QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
This process occurs during an ischaemic stroke. Blood vessel occlusion may occur due to atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries, for example, or a blood clot may embolise from elsewhere in the body to the brain vessels, causing a blockage. Brain tissue eventually dies due to lack of blood supply.
10027073
c
Blood vessel occlusion causing tissue hypoxia and ischaemia
QuestionChoice
Loss of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the striatum is the pathophysiological process underlying Huntington’s disease. This occurs due to the expansion of trinucleotide repeats in the Huntingtin gene, which causes intracellular aggregation of abnormal Huntington protein and therefore neuronal death.
10027071
a
Loss of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the striatum
QuestionChoice
This is the pathological process underling multiple sclerosis. Loss of oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis results in demyelination of neuronal axons, so the neurons are unable to conduct action potentials as effectively, eventually leading to axonal loss.
10027072
b
Inflammation leading to the loss of oligodendrocytes
QuestionChoice
This is the pathophysiological process underlying Parkinson’s disease. The neuropathological hallmark of this is Lewy bodies, intracellular aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein.
10027075
e
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
QuestionChoice
This is the pathophysiological process that occurs in Alzheimer’s disease. This initially starts in the hippocampus but spreads to other brain areas as the disease progresses.
10027074
d
Neuronal death due to accumulation of intracellular Tau tangles and extracellular amyloid beta plaques
Concept
Chapter
2693
5951
Clinical features of Huntington's disease
Topic
141
Neurology
17812
What is the pathophysiological process underlying Huntington’s disease?
a