QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
In CKD, albumin is often lost in the urine.

Albuminuria and eGFR together are used to stage CKD in the KDIGO criteria.

Hyperalbuminaemia is uncommon and usually suggests dehydration.
10005805
e
Hyperalbuminaemia
QuestionChoice
The kidneys have a Na+/K+ pump in the DCT which results in the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

This pump can become faulty in CKD so sodium is not reabsorbed as it should be.

Hypernatraemia results when more is reabsorbed by the kidneys. This can be a response to dehydration as absorption of water will increase also.
10005803
c
Hypernatraemia
QuestionChoice
The kidneys have a Na+/K+ pump in the DCT which results in the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

This pump can become faulty in CKD so potassium is not excreted as it should be.
10005804
d
Hypokalaemia
QuestionChoice
Hypocalcaemia is most likely to result from CKD.

This is because there is diminished renal production of the active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D is required for increased absorption of calcium from the intestine
10005802
b
Hypercalcaemia
QuestionChoice
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the most likely diagnosis in this case as he has a risk factor of diabetes and a reduced eGFR. The vague symptoms of tiredness suggests that it has developed over a long period.

In CKD, the most common imbalances that occur are hyponatraemia (low sodium) and hyperkalaemia (high potassium).

The kidneys have a Na+/K+ pump in the DCT which results in the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

This pump can become faulty in CKD so sodium is not reabsorbed as it should be.
10005801
a
Hyponatraemia
Concept
Chapter
2693
4243
Chronic Kidney Disease
Topic
168
Renal Physiology
13707
80 year old with diabetes has an eGFR of 50 ml/min/1.73m2 on a routine check.

He says he has felt more tired than usual but has no specific symptoms.

Which of these are you most likely to find with the further investigation?
a