QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Urine bilirubin levels are an indicator of hepatobiliary health. Bilirubin is synthesised in the liver - when there is a blockage in the hepatobiliary system, bilirubin builds up, and begins to be excreted in the urine as the body tried to expel the excess.

This patient is having left back and abdominal pain - a lesion in the liver and gallbladder would cause right-sided abdominal pain. This patient also has a history of renal stones, making his most likely diagnosis renal colic from a stone in his ureters. You would not expect to find positive urine bilirubin in his urine dipstick.
10001919
c
Urine Bilirubin
QuestionChoice
This patient is presenting with renal colic - a severe 'loin to groin' pain that usually results from a large renal stone being blocked in the ureters.

Renal stones can cause haematuria - blood in the urine - when they get lodged in the ureters they damage the epithelial cells lining them, causing some blood loss.
10001917
a
Blood in Urine
QuestionChoice
Urine glucose is positive on a urine dipstick if there is an increased level of glucose in the urine. This can happen in disorders such as Diabetes Mellitus.

We would not expect to find a positive glucose in this patient - he does not have a history of diabetes, and his symptoms are pointing towards a diagnosis of renal colic due to his history of renal stones.
10001920
d
Urine Glucose
QuestionChoice
Urine ketones are found to be positive when there are excess ketones in the urine. This can happen in a Type I Diabetes Mellitus complication known as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), where ketones are released into the blood since the body is unable to absorb any glucose.

We would not expect to see positive ketones in this patient - he does not have a history of Type I Diabetes Mellitus.
10001921
e
Urine Ketones
QuestionChoice
This patient is presenting with renal colic, most likely due to his renal stones getting stuck in his left ureter.

This would cause blood in the urine as the renal stone is damaging epithelial cells in the ureters, but it should not cause protein loss in the urine. Proteinuria is indicative of abnormal kidney function, which should not be the case in this patient - the renal stone is what is causing pain, not a diseased kidney.
10001918
b
Urine Protein
Concept
Chapter
2693
3988
Renal Stones
Topic
143
Urology
12930
A 68-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with severe left back pain, radiating to his lower abdomen. He has a history of renal stones.

Given the most likely diagnosis, what results would you expect to find positive in this patient's urine dipstick?
a