QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
This function is achieved by the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (T3 is the more active form) under the control of the thyroid (TSH).
10001240
e
Increase basal metabolic rate
QuestionChoice
Thirst is rapidly decreased by neural afferents upon drinking and by hypothalamic osmoreceptor signals once the fluid drunk has been absorbed into the blood and restored the normal osmolality.
10001239
d
Decrease thirst
QuestionChoice
AgRP-releasing neurons are stimulated by ghrelin which is released by the gastric fundus when it has not been stretched for several hours. These cells antagonise a-melanocyte stimulating hormone at melanocortin 3/4 receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus to reduce the generation of satiety signals, thereby increasing appetite in response to an empty stomach.
10001236
a
Increase appetite
QuestionChoice
Thirst is increased by dipsogens such as angiotensin 2, generated upon dehydration by the renin-angiotensin system. Renin is secreted from juxtaglomerular cells upon hypotension, increased sympathetic activity or decreased GFR (decreases NaCl reaching the macula densa, altering paracrine ATP secretion to juxtaglomerular cells). Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 which is cleaved in the lungs by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) into angiotensin 2 (which is a dipsogen).
10001238
c
Increase thirst
QuestionChoice
Appetite is decreased by several hormones in contrast to the single hormone ghrelin which stimulates hunger. Early hormones include cholecystokinin (which also stimulates gallbladder contraction for bile secretion) and the incretin GLP-1, whilst later hormones include leptin from adipose tissue and insulin from pancreatic B-cells. These activate POMC/CART neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus which release a-melanocyte stimulating hormone to stimulate melanocortin 3/4 receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus. This increases the generation of satiety signals, thereby decreasing appetite in response to feeding, and increasing glucose and adiposity.
10001237
b
Decrease appetite
Concept
Chapter
2693
3898
Appetite
Topic
167
Endocrine physiology
12794
The release of AgRP by cells of the arcuate nucleus inhibits signals through MC3/4R.

Which of the following effects does this have?
a