QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
Nephritic syndrome is a condition involving haematuria, mild to moderate proteinuria (typically less than 3.5g/L/day), hypertension, oliguria and red cell casts in the urine. Numerous of these are present here making a nephritic syndrome the most likely condition. Due to the rapid onset, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a good differential. It is also the only nephritic syndrome in the answer set- the rest are examples of nephrotic syndrome.
10005481
a
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
QuestionChoice
Minimal change disease is an example of a nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of proteinuria (> 3g/24hr) causing hypoalbuminaemia (< 30g/L) and oedema. Despite proteinuria being present, oedema is not mentioned and there is no albumin result making this a less likely diagnosis. This woman is more likely to have a nephritic syndrome, of which rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is the most likely cause.
10005482
b
Minimal change disease
QuestionChoice
Membranous glomerulonephritis is an example of a nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of proteinuria (> 3g/24hr) causing hypoalbuminaemia (< 30g/L) and oedema. Despite proteinuria being present, oedema is not mentioned and there is no albumin result making this a less likely diagnosis. This woman is more likely to have a nephritic syndrome, of which rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is the most likely cause.
10005485
e
Membranous glomerulonephritis
QuestionChoice
Amyloidosis is an example of a nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of proteinuria (> 3g/24hr) causing hypoalbuminaemia (< 30g/L) and oedema. Despite proteinuria being present, oedema is not mentioned and there is no albumin result making this a less likely diagnosis. This woman is more likely to have a nephritic syndrome, of which rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is the most likely cause.
10005483
c
Amyloidosis
QuestionChoice
FSGS is an example of a nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of proteinuria (> 3g/24hr) causing hypoalbuminaemia (< 30g/L) and oedema. Despite proteinuria being present, oedema is not mentioned and there is no albumin result making this a less likely diagnosis. This woman is more likely to have a nephritic syndrome, of which rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is the most likely cause.
10005484
d
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Concept
Chapter
2693
4412
Nephritic syndrome
Topic
142
Nephrology
13643
A 68-year-old female attends the practice nurse for her annual review of her systemic lupus erythematous. On examination, it is found that her blood pressure is 195/97mmHg. On further questionning, she reveals that she has also been bothered with blood in her urine the last few days as well as feeling significantly fatigued. Urine dipstick reveals blood +++ and protein ++.

Which of the following is the most likely condition?
a