QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
These are yellow-white flecks around the macular region, due to the deposition of remnants of dead retinal pigment epithelium. This is caused by age-related macular degeneration.
10004594
d
Drusen
QuestionChoice
As their name suggests, these are large haemorrhages that appear like flames. These occur due to pre-capillary arteriole or small vein rupture and occur in hypertensive retinopathy, thrombocytopenia, retinal vein occlusion and trauma.
10004592
b
Flame haemorrhages
QuestionChoice
These are small, white superficial lesions which are due to tiny infarctions of the neuroretinal layer, and are commonly seen in diabetic retinopathy.
10004591
a
Cotton wool spots
QuestionChoice
This is the first line treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and is seen as clusters of pale markings on the retina, which are due to the burning by the laser used. As the patient is presenting with vision changes, we should assume that they haven’t had this procedure.
10004593
c
Pan-retinal photocoagulation
QuestionChoice
This is associated with central retinal artery occlusion, which typically presents with sudden profound visual loss.
10004595
e
Cherry-red macula
Concept
Chapter
2693
4307
Diabetic retinopathy
Topic
133
Endocrinology
13465
A 59-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with gradually worsening vision which is blurred and patchy.

Which of the following is most likely to be found upon fundoscopy?
a