QuestionSBA
QuestionChoice
UTIs present with urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination and urgency. Whilst UTIs can progress to serious kidney infections such as pyelonephritis, which may cause an AKI, these infections are often accompanied by fever and flank pain.
10028105
e
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
QuestionChoice
Although renal calculi can cause an AKI, renal calculi-associated AKIs are more commonly associated with severe, colicky flank pain, haematuria, nausea and vomiting.
10028102
b
Renal calculi
QuestionChoice
ATN is a common cause of intrinsic renal AKI and typically presents with haematuria and oedema. Various factors, including medications, can trigger it. Given this patient's recent initiation of a new hypertension medication and his clinical presentation, ATN secondary to medication is the most likely cause of his AKI.
10028101
a
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
QuestionChoice
Renal artery stenosis may cause hypertension and fluid retention but does not typically present with fluid overload symptoms such as ankle swelling or oedema. AKIs from renal artery stenosis often develop gradually over time and do not typically have a rapid onset of symptoms.
10028103
c
Renal artery stenosis
QuestionChoice
Sepsis typically presents with symptoms of infection, such as fever, tachycardia, chills, and evidence of systemic inflammation. Sepsis can lead to an AKI but usually develops due to the systemic inflammatory response to an infection. This patient developed an AKI one week after starting a new hypertension medication.
10028104
d
Sepsis
Concept
Chapter
2693
3752
Acute Kidney Injury
Topic
142
Nephrology
18018
A 61-year-old man presents with decreased urine output, haematuria, ankle swelling and fatigue. His past medical history includes hypertension and type 2 diabetes. He recently started a new medication for his hypertension one week ago.

What is the most likely cause of this patient's acute kidney injury (AKI)?
a