[Comparative study of the intensity of production of LPV oncornavirus by T-9 cell line and an infected culture of human diploid cells]. A culture of transformed cells, T-9 line, producing LPV oncornavirus and a culture of human diploid cells (HDC) infected with a cell-free ultrafiltrate of these transformed cells were examined in the electron microscope. The study was aimed at determination of the optimal time and intensity of LPV oncornavirus production by one cell of transformed and infected cultures. LPV oncornavirus production in T-9 cell culture was found to have a pattern of slowly developing, non-intensive two-wave process, whereas in infected HDC culture the process was progressing actively resulting in an increase of the amount of intracytoplasmic type A particles and extracellular type B and C virions by 10- and 15-fold, respectively, within 48- 96 hours for T-9 culture and 96 hours for infected HDC. Cell transformation was found to be apparently preceeded by the infectious process the intensity of which decreased as fibroblast cell culture was transformed into a culture of epithelioid cells.


[Immunological characteristics of LPV oncornavirus produced by T-9 human cell line]. The results of immunological study of oncornavirus (LPV strain) produced by a continuous human T-9 cell line are presented. The method of immunodiffusion in agar revealed the following constituent antigens in the virus: (a) those identical to internal and external antigens of Mason-Pfizer oncornaviruses particles; (b) those specific only for LPV virus and not common in other known oncornaviruses of mammals. These antigens were common in LPV virus from T-9 culture and from xenogeneic T-BHK culture in which Mason-Pfizer virus antigens were absent completely; and (c) interspecific antigen of oncornavirus C type present in minimal amounts. Localization of the above antigens in virus particles of LPV oncornavirus was confirmed by the electron immunoenzyme method. Upon separation of virus polypeptides in polyacrylamide gel it was found that the antigens cross-reacting with Mason-Pfizer virus as well as LPV specific antigens were localized both in the main inner virus protein and in the surface glycoprotein.


[Chronic infection of cells with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Further characteristics of the system]. From HEp-2 cells chronically infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus clones were obtained which produced no virus antigens and contained no sequences homologous to virus RNA. Expression of oncornavirus in the system under study was demonstrated. The possibility of transduction of cell genes by a defective virus strain was established. Preliminary experiments showed the possibility of integration of virus genome in tick egg DNA in transovarial transmission.


[Diagnostic possibilities of the adrenaline test in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. By the application of adrenaline test in malignant gastric diseases was concluded that after adrenaline subcutaneous injection-arterial pressure is decreased instead of increased as the normal functional effect of adrenaline is. The diagnostic value of adrenaline test in malignant gastric diseases is stressed, based upon 120 observations of the authors. The test is positive in 80 per cent and is proposed to be put into practice in the complex with all the rest examinations of the patients with malignant gastric diseases. The test is easy to perform and does not require special training.


[Further study of J-96 transplantable cell oncornavirus]. The symplast-forming capacity of oncornavirus of continuous J-96 cells was studied by KS-test. Syncytia were formed upon combined cultivation of KS cells with J-96 cells and cells of human embryo skin-muscle tissue infected with J-96 virus as well as upon direct inoculation of KS cells with oncornavirus J-96. Formation of syncytia of KS cells correlated with the amount of J-96 cell oncornavirus. The possibility of using KS-test for titration of J-96 virus and antibody to it has been demonstrated.


[Study of arenaviruses in the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. The indirect hemagglutination test with erythrocytes sensitized with antibody to LCM and Tacaribe viruses, most typical members of of arenaviruses, has been developed. This test is a sensitive method for detection of arenaviruses in infected materials in vitro. The indirect hemagglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination-inhibition test revealed cross-interaction between LCM and Tacaribe viruses which opens new approaches for group and species identification of arenaviruses.


[Infectivity of fowl  plague virus RNA in the process of infection]. The conditions for isolation and detection of the infectious properties of nucleic acid preparations extracted from cells infected with fowl plague virus were studied. It is suggested that double-stranded virus-specific RNAs possess the infectious properties.


[Electrophoretic motility of RNA of recombinant influenza virus strains X-7 and X-9]. The electrophoretic motilitiy of RNA of recombinant influenza virus strains X-7 and X-9 differing in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase was studied. The genome of these viruses was found to be fragmentary and to consist of 7 RNA molecules. Significant differences in the electrophoretic motility of the middle-molecular RNA compounds of influenza X-7 and X-9 virus were demonstrated, particularly of the V fragment the molecular weight of which was lower in influenza X-9 virus.


[Dynamic radioisotope studies of the regional functions of the lung (a preliminary report)]. A critical analysis on the non-isotope method potentiallities is presented in the paper as well as the radioisotope xenon mode for examinations of gas ventilation and diffusion. The advantages of 133xenon are listed, the main being as follows: regional investigation parallelly in four zones, completely safe for the patient without loading procedures, precision and availability for mass investigations. The authors recommend its wider application in practive, based on a great many radioisotope investigations of healthy and sick individuals.


[Experience with the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins on Celogel]. Hydroxycellulose gel foils (cellogel) were used for the serum lipoproteid separation in conditions of routine practice, Ninety four serum tests of patients with hypertension were investigated as well as with coronary disease, essential hyperlipoproteidemia, diabetes and infarction-acute stage. Total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum were determined to the same patients. The ratio between the numerical values of the latter is confronted to the ratio between the percentage part of beta-lipoproteids and the sum of the same parts of chylomicrons and pre-beta-lipoproteids. The results are presented graphically. The phenotypes were attempted to be determined to a separate group of patients with manifested hyperlipoproteidemia.


[Preservation of tissue culture cells by deep freezing]. The effect of polyethylene oxide, mol. wght 400 and 4000, the rate of freezing in liquid nitrogen, and thawing in a water bath at 37 degrees C on the survival rate, the growth activity, miotic activity and the activity of some oxidation-reduction enzymes of the most important links of the chain of biological oxidation, SDG, NAD-H2, NADP-H2- diaphorases, electrophoretic motility of continuous human and animal tissue culture cells, RH HEp-2, SPEV were studied. The developed regimen of freezing at a rate of 30 degrees per minute retains 95% viable cells. The miotic activity, enzymatic activity and electrophoretic motility of frozen-thawed cells did not differ from those of the controls.


[Our experience with the 131-I treatment of thyrotoxicosis]. The authors analyze 100 patients, with thyrotoxicosis, 84 females and 16 males, treated with 131J. The enlargement of the thyroid gland was II degree in 57 per cent and III degree in 34 per cent, and I and II - for the rest of the cases. In 77 per cent the body weight of the patients was below the norm. Exophthalmos was observed in 48 per cent. As a result of treatment an involution of a series of pathological symptoms developed- tachycardia, ECG changes, exophthalmos, degree enlargement of the thyroid gland, blood indicies, weight, capacity for work. Euthyroidism was established in 86 per cent, partial remission in 12 per cent and hypothroidism - in 2 per cent, when followed up during an interval of 2-13 years. No genetic or blastomogenic changes were observed. Observations is recommended in the later periods after the treatment.


[Changes in the hemodynamics in diabetes mellitus]. The basic hemodynamic indices were determined in 50 diabetics by the method of dye-dilution. Changes in heart-capacity were established as well as an increase in plasma and blood volume decrease in blood flow speed and a tendency towards decrease of functional fitness of the cardiovascular system. The mentioned changes are associated with diabetes mellitus duration, with the presence of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephroapathy, coronary disease, etc. The existing arterial hypertension effects hemodynamics especially unfavourably. In patients with diabetes and acidoketosis hyperkinetic type of circulation is found with decrease of the cardiovascular system functional fitness.


[Properties of new antigens and viral antigens of transplantable cultures of human malignant cells]. Physico-chemical and immunological differences between a new virus-associated antigen of human cell cultures and the antigen of oncornavirus D persisting in them were established and shown to facilitate their detection and differentiation. The activity of the new antigen is lost or decreases considerably after treatment with ether or chloroform but is retained after heating at 60 degrees C. The viral antigen is relatively stable to ether and chloroform but is inactivated at a temperature of 60 degrees C. The peculiar physicochemical properties of the new and virus antigens may be used for search of approaches for preparation of monospecific virus antisera containing no antibody for the new antigen of cells in human tissue cultures.


[Study of measles virus (strain L-16) in J-96 cell culture by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence]. The vaccine L-16 strain of measles virus was studied in a continuous line of J-96 cells (clone L-41) by the electron microscope and fluorescent antibody techniques. Cytological studies revealed a direct correlation between the intensity of symplast formation and the infective virus dose. The fluorescent antibody technique established cytoplasmic localization of the specific virus antigen. The results of electron microscope examinations of ultrathin sections of J-97 culture revealed in the cell cytoplasm and intercellular space some structures morphologically similar to virus-like particles previously described.


[Acute circulatory insufficiency in the early phase of myocardial infarct: its frequency, clinical forms and the outcomes with 1400 patients]. The authors found acute circulatory insufficiency (cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema or cardiogenic shock in 26.2 per cent of the patients among the followed up 1400 patients with myocardial infarction. Insufficiency is more frequently met among women (36 per cent) while among men it is 22 per cent and grows with age advancing of the patients. A substantial number of the patients with acute circulatory insufficiency were admitted to the hospital in grave states, and failed to be affected by the complex therapeutic approach, and 62 per cent of them died. Total mortality rate in all 1400 patients is 28 per cent and in the patients without circulatory insufficiency- 13 per cent. In spite of the fact that of serious morphological picture was established in the deceased with acute circulatory insufficiency- the authors find it necessary to apply the following in the patients with acute myocardial infarction: simultaneity in the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic measures; attempt to detect the "signal signs" of the acute circulatory insufficiency as early as possible, and effective treatment with inclusion of new methods, offered by the modern science.


[Unfragmented nucleocapsid of influenza virus in infected cells]. In the cytoplasms of chick embryo fibroblast and Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with influenza virus (fowl plague virus), in addition to fragmented virus nucleocapsid larger nucleocapsid structures were found which sedimented in  the region of 90 -120S. The structures were detected upon short 3H-uridine label of the cells. Their buoyant density in cesium chloride was higher than that of the fragmented nucleocapsid (1.34 -1.39 g/cm3). In electron microscope, the structures were visualized as thin nonhelical filaments 3.5 nm in diameter, their morphology being no different from that of a similar rapidly sedimenting structure isolated from the nucleoplasms of the same cells. To determine the possibility of transfer of the rapidly sedimenting structure from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, a cell-free system was used containing nuclei from influenza virus-infected cells labeled with 3H-uridine for 5 min, as well as the cytoplasm from uninfected and unlabeled cells. The presence of a labeled rapidly sedimenting structure in the cytoplasm of the cell-free system suggests that the structure is synthesized in the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm. The relation of this structure to the fragmented nucleocapsid is unknown. It may be assumed to be its intracellular precursor.


[131-I-hippuran clearance and isotopic nephrography in patients with endemic nephropath]. The authors carried out investigations on renal function with isotope nephrogram and 131J-hippuran clearance in 30 patients with endemic nephropathy - three with and 27 without nitrogen retention. In all patients, especially in advanced stages, a considerable decrease of the effective renal plasma flow was established. The radioisotope nephropathy also provides evidence for diffuse bilateral and symetric alterations in the complete renal function. The statement was confirmed that in the course of endemic nephropathy, all renal structures are gradually involved, but the functions of tubules and interstitial tissues are especially severly disturbed.


[Production of a noninfectious ornithosis hemagglutinin preparation]. One of the main obstacles to introduction of the HI test in to extensive use is the high infectivity of the causative agent suspensions used as the source of hemagglutinin (HA). The sterilizing effect of UV-rays, high temperature (56 -60 degrees C) and beta-propiolactone was studied in attempts at preparation of noninfectious ornithosis HA. Only BPL was found to be effective. By this method of treatment of the allantoic fluid a noninfectious preparation of ornithosis HA was obtained which was highly active and stable upon storage. It may be used for diagnostic studies in clinical laboratories.


[Proteinuria selectivity in patients with glomerular nephropathy determined by a biochemical route]. The authors applied a new method for biochemical determination of proteinuria selectivity by means of ceruloplasmin clearance, used as a protein with high molecular weight as well as those of haptoglobulin and albumin -used as proteins with low molecular weight. The investigation was carried out among 94 patiens with different glomerulopathies. The equivalence of both the biochemical methods was confirmed statistically. In 58 of the examined patients, proteinuria selectivity is determined simultaneously and by the JgG clearance and trasferrin-accoringing to the method of Cameron et al. (with immunodiffused plaques) and immunoelectrophoresis and by the clearance of alpha2-macroglobulin and transferrin. Nd. statistically significant and authenical differences were established between the proteinuria selectivity determined by the relationship between the clearances of ceruloplasmin and albumin, of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobulin (biochemically determined) and of Jg G and transferrin (determined with the aid of immunodiffused plaques and immunoelectropphoresis). All that gives ground the authors to consider the results from the biochemical and immunochemical methods rather similar. That fact, the low prime cost and the possibility the biochemical methods to be put into practice in well equipped clinical laboratories emphasize their importance for the everyday nephrologist practice as well.


[Normal values of cardiac indices established by separate measurement of the heart after the method of Müller]. Hearts of 286 deceased (143 males and 143 females) aged 16 to 80 were examined in order to establish the normal values of heart indices. The lethal cases were caused by diseases, not affecting heart weight or by forced death without somatic diseases. The results are presented in tables according to age and sex and are statistically processed. The highest values for the net heart weight, the weight of left and right ventricle and the thickness of their walls were established in the age group 31-40, for both sexes, and the lowest- in the age group of 71-80. The ventricle index, the percentage of the left and the percentage of the right heart ventricle, both in the separate age groups for both sexes, and in the summarized material for both sexes between 16 to 80 years show a marked constancy.


[Dynamic tracing of effective renal plasma flow with 131-I-hippuran]. Results are reported from the carried out dynamic follow-up of the effective renal plasma flow (ERP), determined by 131I-hippuran in 55 patients according to the method of single injection. An improvement of the ERP values was established in 56,4 per cent, while the simulataneously performed isotope nephrography (ING) gave considerably lower percentage. That fact emphasizes the advantage of 131I-hippuran clearance, not only for the diagnosis of disturbed renal function but in the dynamic follow-up of the developed improvement as well. In patients with deteriorated ERP values, the carried out ING showed deterioration in only 42.9 per cent. The carried out parallel investigations for establishing the dynamic changes in the renal function reveal the higher sensitivity of 131I-hippuran clearance as compared with ING.


[Possibilities of a corrected orthogonal vectorcardiogram (Frank) in the hemodynamically overloaded ventricular musculature]. The possibilities of the orthogonal corrected Frank system to establish the degree of the hemodynamic disturbance are analyzed in 220 cardiac patients. The sensitivity of the vcg-indices in patients with right-ventricle loading reaches up to 72 per cent and in patients with-left-ventricle-up to 100 per cent. The highest correlation coefficient in patients with right ventricle loading is 0.73 and in patients with left-tventricle-0.65 (p less than 0.01). the inferior diagnostic value of vcg-indices in patients with aquired heart defects is stressed. The value of the separate vcg-indices is discussed.


[Comparative 131-cesium scintigraphic and electrocardiographic studies of patients following the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. The determination of the extent and site of morphological changes in heart muscle, while still living, after a healed myocardial infarction is of a doubtless theoretical and practical interest. Certain possibilities, in that respect, are revealed by the myocardium scintigraphy with131 cesium. The authors present the results from the scintigraphic and electrocardiographic investigations of 45 patients with a past history of myocardial infarcticn examined in a period of 1 to 6 months post the infarction.


[Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery].

[Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]. A case with a large aneurysm of the pulmonary artery trunk is described, with a many-year course with non-elucidated-probably complex, etiology. The case was clinically and roentgelogically admitted to be the more frequently met aortic aneurysm. The diagnosis was made by means of right heart catheterization and angiocardiography.


Sympathetic influence on vascular smooth muscle contractility in renal hypertension in the rabbit. The relation between sympathetic activity and vascular smooth muscle contractility in renal hypertension has been examined using, as a model, isolated central ear arteries from renal hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. The isolated arteries were perfused with Krebs solution and vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline and nerve stimulation were studied. It was found that in the absence of a functional sympathetic nervous system in arteries of renal hypertensive rabbits, the vascular smooth muscle showed marked decrease in response to noradrenaline. The results obtained indicate that trophic influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the vascular smooth muscle is essential for the integrity of the muscle and pertinent to renal hypertension in the rabbit.


The fate of amphetamine and norephedrine in the Tamarin monkey compared with man. When [14C] (+/-)-amphetamine sulphate (0.3 mg/kg) was injected into Tamarin monkeys, some 70-80% of the 14C was excreted in the urine in 24 hours. Some 75% of the 24-hour excretion was unchanged drug, 7% was free and conjugated benzoic acid and 7% was hydroxylated in the aromatic ring to give mainly 4-hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine). With similar doses of [14C] norephedrine hydrochloride nearly 90% of the 14C was excreted in 24 hours, most of this being unchanged drug. Only 3-4% was metabolized at the side chain and there was no aromatic hydroxylation. The results were compared with those obtained earlier in man, rat, rabbit and guinea pig. Quantitatively the metabolites of amphetamine, norephedrine and preludin in the tamarin were more like those in man than in the other three species.


Some aspects of gallstone: a clinico-biochemical correlation. Bile samples obtained from gallbladders and common bile ducts of patients operated on for gallstone disease in the surgical unit, Medical School, University College Hospital, London between October 1971 and October 1972 were analyzed. The results presented support the view that the presence of cholesterol gallstones is usually associated with abnormal bile in which the relative concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol differ markedly from those found in normal or non-lithogenic bile.


Responses to intravenous tolbutamide by Nigerians--a preliminary study. Sixteen normal adult Nigerians (10 males and 6 females) were randomly selected for an intravenous tolbutamide test. The mean fall of blood sugar at 30 minutes corresponded closely to values observed in the Caucasians; however, there was a delay in the return of blood sugar to fasting level even at 240 minutes following tolbutamide administration. In spite of the low individual blood sugar levels attained during the study, no associated symptoms were observed. The possible contributory role of the counter-regulatory mechanisms in explaining the differences in the response to tolbutamide between the Nigerian and the Caucasian is discussed.


The effects of drugs on human foetal intestine. The longitudinal muscle of human foetal intestine, of gestational age between eight and twenty-six weeks, has been studied in vitro using standard pharmacological methods. Muscarinic receptors and adrenoceptors have been identified in both the small and large intestine. The muscarinic receptors are similar to those of adult tissue whereas the adrenoceptor population of foetal intestine differs from that reported for adult tissue. In the foetal small intestine there is a predominance of beta receptors and the foetal colon contains alpha receptors which are involved in a contractile response to sympathomimetic amines. The responses to nicotine show that cholinergic and adrenergic fibres are present in the intestinal wall of the 12-week foetus.


[Practical experience in the transport of newborn infants at risk by means of a mobile intensive care unit (author's transl)]. The development of perinatology gives premature and other newborn infants at risk a better chance of survival. The transport of these infants from the delivery room to the neonatal intensive care centre is a complicated procedure and its inherent dangers for the newborn infant increase with distance. Success depends on special transport facilities and the mobile van equipment is described. The results of experience in the transport of 218 newborn infants at risk are discussed. The necessity of initial emergency preparative measures for the transportation of the ill infant is illustrated by 2 cases.


[The normal level of cadmium, copper and zinc in blood of the viennese population (author's transl)]. The blood content of cadmium, copper and zinc was determined at autopsy in 150 cases of sudden death. In conjunction with a previously-published paper on the blood lead level (mean 26.0 mug0/0) of the Viennese population, these investigations should give the basis for the detection and diagnosis of contamination with heavy metal traces in the blood. Patients with such contamination should be followed up at regular intervals. The results are statistically examined in regard to their variation, standard deviation and reliability. The concentrations of copper and zinc correspond with the values quoted in literature (mean 123.8 mug0/0 Cu, mean 722.1 mug0/0 Zn). The higher blood level of cadmium in comparison with the literature (mean 15.9 mug0/0 Cd) might be caused, among other things, by the increased industrial use of this metal.


[Eosinophilic granuloma (histiocytosis-X) with lung and bone manifestations]. A 26 year-old male presented with a spontaneous pathological fracture of the right femur caused by an osteolytic lesion. A chest X-ray demonstrated the coexistence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrocaseous tuberculosis and widespread malignancy were ruled out by appropriate investigations. The differential diagnosis, as based on the histological examination of the bone tumour, rested between hyperparathyroidism complicated by pulmonary disease and eosinophilic granuloma with lung manifestations. Hyperparathyroidism was ruled out by the absence of clinical and biochemical evidence of a disturbance of calcium metabolism. The diagnosis of histiocytosis-X was established by the histological appearance of the lung biopsy.


[Frequencies of hl-a phenotypes, genes, and haplotypes in the viennese population (author's transl)]. Using the data obtained by typing 450 unrelated people of the Viennese population, the phenotype and gene frequencies of 37 HL-A factors governed by the 3 SD loci were determined. The haplotype frequencies involving SD-1 und SD-2 genes were calculated and the associations between the 3 SD loci have been analysed.


[Vitamin b6 depletion in women with hyperemesis gravidarum (author's transl)]. The serum pyridoxal 5-phosphate (vitamin B6) level was measured in 20 women with hyperemesis gravidarum before and after therapy with vitamin B6. Control  specimens were obtained from 22 healthy pregnant, women during the first trimester, 18 healthy prgnant  women during the last trimester and from 29 healthy non-pregnant women of comparable age. The determinations were performed by means of decarboxylation of L-tyrosine-1-14 C.


[Urinary oestrogens and vaginal cytology in late pregnancy (author's transl)]. 72 vaginal wall smears were taken from 51 women in late pregnancy. The following indices were evaluated: Eosinophilia, pyknosis, Crowded cell and Folded cell index. These indices were compared with urinary oestrogen levels. Statistical evaluation showed no relation between these indices and the total oestrogens in the urine. The Aetiology of the oestrogenic appearance of the smear some days before delivery in spite of constant oestrogen values is discussed.


[Generalized secondary amyloidosis in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. During a period of 6 years (1968 to 1973) 177 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were submitted on one or more occasions to biopsy of the rectal mucosa for the diagnosis of amyloidosis. The indications for biopsy were as follows: 1. proteinuria, even in an intermittent form, 2. progressive type of rheumatoid arthritis with high inflammatory activity, 3. rheumatoid arthritis of longer than 2 years duration with a marked tendency to joint destruction. The histological specimens were stained with Congo red and investigated in polarized light. The biopsy for amyloidosis  was positive in 80 patients (45.2%) of whom 14 showed no proteinuria, even of an intermittent nature. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis survived maximally 5 years after amyloidosis had been diagnosed. No successful therapy of amyloidosis has been devised.


[A comparative study of the value of skin tests and radio-allergo-sorbent tests in inhalation allergies (author's transl)]. Skin tests were performed and the specific IgE levels determined by means of the radio-allero-sorbent test (RAST) in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and extrinsic bronchial asthma. An overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo diagnosis was found in 87% of cases. The results of this study indicate that in such allergies the RAST might well be of value as a screening test. In addition it is a valuable supplement to the skin tests, particularly in the elucidation of the diagnosis in problematic cases.


[Attainment and preservation of normal exercise capacity after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. Results of physical rehabilitation were studied in 2 groups of patients. Group A consisted of 16 men and at least 24 (mean 51.5) months had elapsed after myocardial infarction before they were entered into a training programme with supervised once-weekly classes in a school gymnasium. By contrast, the interval between infarction and onset of training was less than 12 (mean 7.0 months in the 21 patients of group B, who had exercise classes twice a week. Group A achieved an average increase in estimated aerobic capacity of 32% (p less than 0.001) in 10 months of training, group B of 33% (p less than 0.001) in 4.7 months. Further participation of group A for 26 more months resulted in an additional improvement of 11% (p less than 0.05). Differences between the groups in aerobic power and different methods of exercise testing and training are discussed. The results indicate that early physical training of groups of patients helps them to obtain a normal exercise capacity with a year after myocardial fixation. Without such intervention patients often remain restricted, but with supervised training their physical power may be improved significantly even if years have passed after the heart attack.


[The simultaneous investigation of liver and kidney function in the presence of dopamine (author's transl)]. The effect of dopamine on liver function and on renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate was studied in 13 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Hence, the BSP retention and 131I BSP clearance was determined and also the clearance of 99mTc DTPA and of 125I hippuran in decreasing concentrations, as well as under steady state conditions. Methodological problems arising from the application of the slope clearance technique in cirrhotic patients are discussed. Dopamine did not affect the BSP clearance and BSP retention, but a significant increase in renal plasma flow was observed. The glomerular filtration rate was not significant altered.


[The measurement of 75selenium in duodenal juice--an advance in the diagnosis of pancreatic function (author's transl)]. The radioactivity in the duodenal juice following the intravenous injection of 75Se-1-selenomethionine was measured in 17 normal subjects and in 14 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The mean values of radioactivity were significantly lower during certain periods of the investigation in the patients with pancreatic insufficiency as compared with the normal subjects. The individual values, however, scattered widely and the standard deviations were large. There was a highly significant correlation between the volume of duodenal juice and the 75Se radioactivity, but no significant correlation was established between the duodenal juice radioactivity and bicarbonate or enzyme concentration i.e. specific parameters of exocrine pancreatic function. It is possible that observation period may bring less equivocal results, but this appears of doubtful practicability. Measurement of the 75Se-1-selenomethione radioactivity in the duodenal juice is only an indirect indicator of exocrine pancreatic function. It does not appear to represent any significant advance in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency, since the information provided by these older-established methods is more reliable and is obtained within a similar space of time.


[An acute psychotic episode following adrenalectomy in cushing's syndrome]. A marked cortisone psychosis with initial depressive symptoms developed following left adrenalectomy in a 41 year-old female patient suffering from Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. On deterioration of the clinical picture with the development of delusional ideas, verbal hallucinosis with imperative voices was observed. The administration of neuroleptic drugs favourably influenced the psychosis, which disappeared with a final depressive stage, thereby enabling removal of the second hyperplastic adrenal gland. The physical signs showed a good remission, except for the severe myopathy and osteoporosis; the pathologically-altered serum potassium level and the erythrocyte potassium content returned to normal.


[Cell aging in vitro (author's transl)]. Human diploid fibroblast cultures in the phase of degeneration were compared with logarithmically-growing young cultures. Old cultures contain cells of increased size showing all signs of intact protein synthesis by means of the light and the electron microscope. DNA synthesis and cell division do not occur in old cultures. Premature chromosome condensation is still possible in old cells after fusion with mitotic cells of a fast-growing culture.


[Quantitative morphological analysis of bone remodelling in an experimentally-induced skeletal disease (author's transl)]. In the lumbar vertebrae of lathyritic rats bone remodelling was investigated using histomorphometrical and tetracycline labelling methods and a newly developed, computer-aided photometrical quantitation of mineral densities in microradiographs. The morphometrical analysis showed a high-graded decrease in cancellous bone due to increased resorption and cessation of endochondral bone formation. On the other hand, increased formation of new bone in sites of muscular insertion led to the formation of exostoses. Disturbed mineralisation of the newly-formed bone is indicated by increased osteoid volume and diffuse labelling with tetracycline. These findings were confirmed by the quantitation of the mineral densities. The mineralisation defect is related to the disturbed collagen synthesis in lathyrism.


[Light and electron microscopic localization of enzymes: 5'-nucleotidase (author's transl)]. 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5), an important enzyme in the metabolism of nucleotides, is generally accepted as a plasma membrane marker. The enzyme selectively splits phosphoric acid from 5' mononucleotides. Several methods are available for the histochemical localization of enzymes (antigenic properties of the enzyme protein, enzyme properties and activity and labelled specific inhibitors). Only the method based on enzyme properties has been used up to now in the case of 5'-nucleotidase. Free phosphoric acid liberated during the dephosphorylation of substrates such as AMP or IMP is rendered visible at the sites of 5' nucleotidase activity in the tissue by precipitation as lead or calcium phosphate. An improvement in the light microscopic technique is achieved by the use of freezedried tissue embedded in glycol methacrylate, whereby the histochemical reaction can be performed on semi-thin sections. Since lead phosphate is electron dense, these precipitates can easily be detected in the electron microscope too. Wide species and organ differences are found with respect to the distribution of 5'-nucleotidase activity. The well-known localization of the enzyme on the outer cell surface according to biochemical studies is confirmed by electron microscopic findings. A purely catabolic function of 5'-nucleotidase, as propounded in the literature, seems dubious since high 5'-nucleotidase activity was demonstrated in rapidly proliferating tissue too.


[Therapy of secondary atelectasis by pulmonary lavage in full-term and premature infants (author's transl)]. Obstructive atelectasis can be successfully treated by means of pulmonary lavage. Atelectasis of this type may result from the formation of mucous plugs in the bronchi during or after prolonged artificial ventilation, after thoracic surgery and after vigorous suction. The pathophysiological alterations taking place during routine suction of an intubated and ventilated infant are discussed. The technique of pulmonary lavage with lukewarm physiological saline through an endotracheal tube is demonstrated in 2 newborn infants, in whom atelectasis occurred as a complication of long-term ventilation.


[Attempts at placental localization by means of plate thermography (author's transl)]. The value of plate thermography in the determination of placental localization was investigated in 120 cases, and compared with the results obtained by the ultrasonic B-Scan method. The duration of pregnancy in these cases ranged from 15 to 37 weeks. The results of plate thermography corresponded with ultrasonic localization in 94 cases (78.3%), but the placenta was incorrectly localized by plate thermography in 26 patients. The highest degree of correspondence was observed in the group of anterior wall placentae, the localisation of the placenta by plate thermography being correct in 52 out of 62 cases. The group of posterior wall placentae showed the lowest rate or correspondence, plate thermography giving the correct localization in only 32 out of 45 cases. Hence, plate thermography does not appear to be of sufficient accuracy for clinical use or scientific investigations. Furthermore, no accurate determination of placental surface area and placental thickness is possible with plate thermography. For all these reasons it may be concluded that this method is greatly inferior to the ultrasonic B-Scan method in respect to placental localization.


[The value of the Coxsackie B virus complement fixation test (author's transl)]. Enteroviruses were isolated from 27 patients during 1973 and 1974, 21 of these were Coxsackie B, 4 were ECHO and 2 were polio viruses, 5 further viruses could not be identified. Sera from 14 of the Coxsackie patients were investigated twice by means of the Complement Fixation Test (CFT). 11 of them showed a significant rise in antibody titre against one of the 6 different Coxsackie B viruses. No strong correlation was established between the result of the CFT and the isolated type of virus. Nevertheless, the CFT can be helpful in the diagnosis of a Coxsackie B infection. About 200 such cases with varied clinical features were diagnosed in the Department of Virology, Vienna University over the past 3 years by means of the CFT.


[Neurogenesis and regeneration in the brain of teleosts in relation to age. (Autoradiographic studies)]. 54 healthy female Lebistes reticulatus and 11 Xiphophorus helleri of various age groups were injected with 3H-thymidin. The duration of the radio-active test was one hour. By means of autoradiograms of serial sections of the brain, the post-natal persistence of matrical zones was demonstrated in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and in the medulla oblongata. The age-dependency of the 3H-thymidin index produced the same results in all matrical zones: high values in young animals, followed by a steep decrease and a steady state in older animals. In 30 other laboratory animals (Lebistes reticulatus-Teleostei), out of which 15 were juvenile and 15 were adult females, a unilateral lesion of the central tectum was effected. On the 5th, 7th, 8th, 15th, and 25th days following operation the animals were given a single injection of 3H-thymidin (absolute activity 10 muCi/g body weight; duration of the radio-active test: one hour). Labelled meningeal cells were observed in the traumatic region. In the course of regeneration there takes place a migration of cells into the puncture channel. No labelled cells were observed in the tissues adjacent to the lesion nor in the cell column. The proliferation of cells takes place in the matrical zones. By determining the 3H-thymidin index we were able to show that the proliferation activity is being increased. In the matrical zones of the non-operated tectum opticum too, the number of DNA synthesizing cells is increased.


[The significance of immunologic phenomenons in pulmonary diseases of children (author's transl)]. Under special conditions the lung develops reactions of hypersensitivity, e.g. by the contact with antigens consisting of foreign proteins, organic dusts or different pathogen organisms. It must be distinguished between uncomplicated allergic and autoimmune diseases. The exact separation is difficult, because transitions from one state to the other are possible. The autoimmunisation is a very complicated phenomenon, where endogensou cells are effective as auto-antigens and induce the development of auto-antibodies. From the pathological-anatomical point of view thate are no typical structural changes in the lung, which define a disease as a special autoimmune disease. But the prevalence of round cells in inflamed tissue, the appearance of granuloma with epithelial cells point to immunological phenomenons. Examples for allergic diseases are: "Asthma bronchiale, pigeon-breeder disease, mite-allergy, farmer's lung, drug-induced allergy", and for autoimmune diseases: "Lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." The drug-therapy consists of corticoids and immune-suppressive drugs.


[Asbestos as an envoronmental carcinogen (author's transl)]. Relations between asbestosis and bronchial carcinoma and also since a long time for diffuse malignant pelural and peritoneal mesothelioma have been ascertained for professional exposure to asbestos. On the other hand such relations can be proved statistically for non-professional environmental influence only with malignant serosa tumors. Their increased occurrence goes parallel to the hyaline (calcified) pleura-plaques, to another professional and non-professional consequence of asbestos dust inhalations. There is not enough evidence to accuse asbestos to be a carcinogen causing also other malignomas. It is sure, the number of uncontrolled persons, occupationally or nonoccupationally exposed to asbestos, is still very high. Nevertheless no increased risk of cancer, provoked by asbestos can be supposed for the public at present. For selected population groups, however, increased occurence of mesothelioma cannot be denied, at least in the past. Favorable Favorable conditions exist for the solution of problems still unsolved in asbestosis control, due to the registration of all persons exposed to asbestos dust, and due to the commitment of notifying all tumors.


[Significance of the acetylcholin-test in screening and evaluation of recurrent and chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. 156 healthy persons, 198 patients with recurrent bronchitis and 112 patients with chronic bronchitis showed different reaction to the acetylcholin test. Frequency of cough-reaction (bronchosensorial hyperreactivity) was high-significant lower in healthy persons (17,3%) than in patients with recurrent (30,8%) or chronic bronchitis (54,5%). Frequency of obstructive reaction (bronchomotorial hyperreactivity) was less but still significant different in these 3 groups (32,7%; 39,4%; 52,7%). The author proposes to pay more attention to acetylcholin-cough-test.


[Animal investigations after application of human kveim antigen (author's transl)]. Guinea pigs and mice, receiving subcutan injections of human Kveim antigen with and without previously application of BCG-vaccine, showed only in few cases histological pictures, bearing a great resemblance to the positive human Kveim-reaction.


[Morphological changes in experimental lipid pneumonia (author's transl)]. The morphological changes were investigated by male rats after aerosol application of mineral oil above a period of three weeks. Beginning in the second week, there was a permanent increase of macrophages and foam cells in the alveolar septa and alveolar lumina in closed relation to the deposited mineral oil, visible by dark field illumination. The macrophages and foam cells showed a high activity of non-specific esterasis and acid phosphatasis whereas the activity of adenosine triphosphatasis clear decreased. In the third week the formation of focal granulomas started predominantly existing of histiocytes and only few foam cells.


[Results in the surgical management of tracheal stenoses (author's transl)]. After a review of the methods for treating tracheal stenosis, own results of 20 cases are reported, concerning 6 with subglottic stenosis, 7 localized in the cervical and 4 in the thoracic region, in 3 other cases the cervical and thoracic region was involved. The stenosis was the sequela of tracheotomy in 12 cases, of extended inflammations in 3 cases, of benign subglottic tumors in 3 cases and 2 following intubation. 3 dilatations, 7 tracheopexies and 7 tracheoplastics were performed. In 1 patient the stenosed portion was resected followed by end-to-end-anastomosis. Complete unrestricted respiration was achieved in 11 patients, adequate breathing at rest in 4 patients, and 3 patients had to continue wearing a tube. 3 patients died, 2 of them from other causes and 1 from inadequate postoperative care. The treatment procedures must be individualized to each patient, according to the different causes, sites, types of the tracheal stenosis, to improve diagnostics, and the preoperative and postoperative care. Great patience from the side of the patient as well as the physician is necessary to relieve the patient suffering from his severe dyspnea.


[Angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia of the lung ("zwiebelschalenlymphom") (author's transl)]. This is the author's second report on angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia of the lung ("Zwiebelschalenlymphom") rarely described in German medical publications. Obviously the tumor has its origin in the bronchopulmonary lymph-nodes. The resection of the upper lobe of the left lung was indicated.


[Observer error in interpretation of chest-radiophotographs (author's transl)]. A series of 434 radiophotographs (70 X 70 mm) containing 40 patients with known abnormal symptoms and 15 resp. 21 pictures with suspected abnormalities were interpreted by 85 chest physicians. 84% (average of 77 readers) of the known symptoms were found in the right localisation. The mean value of 8 diagnosticians with only little routine in reading radiophotographs, was 65%. The number of correct findings with respect of the 40 plus 15 resp. 21 abnormalities lies near 80%. Nearly 10% of the true negative cases were described as positive by the diagnosticians. The number of false positives varies considerably (between 0% and 50%) for different interpreters. The number of true positive findings when the films are read by two observers independently increases only when we combine two readers with poor results in finding true positive cases. But dual reading means nearly twice as much false positive findings. The repetition of reading the films by the same interpreter gives nearly the same results as the first reading.


[Polychemotherapy for inoperable bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)]. In the therapy of carinomas the best results had been achieved by radical operation. The operable carcinomas, especially the bronchial carcinomas, couldn't be found among clinical patients in such amount as we would like. X-ray therapy in the manner of high voltage radiation shows remarkable results, which is now common knowledge. For the most inoperable carcinomas only a general therapy may give certain positive therapeutical aspects. The own results with polychemotherapy in 847 patients with bronchogenic carcinomas or lung-metastases in advanced stages are shown. In spite of all limitations the polychemotherapy shows possibilities and some certain changes for symptomatic help in desperate cases.


[Immunological aspects of chemotherapy for bronchial carcinomas. (author's transl)]. Provided that immunoreactivity exists against cancer cells, there are a number of biologically and medically relevant phases and processes such as old age, genetic defects, postradiologic and postchemotherapeutic metabolism, which can be accompanied or followed by short-term and persistent, partial or subtotal immune deficiency states, respectively. It will depend on several factors, which are difficult to elucidate heretofore, whether the tumour will bypass the concequences of immunogenecity, i.e. the stimulation of tumour immunity. Some of these factors are being studied in experimental and immunoclinical test systems. The critical representation of this paper ought to reinforce investigations into the essential parameters as well as the perpetuation of well planned randomized prospective studies on the basis of immunoclinical methods.


[Investigation to improve the survival of patients with bronchial carcinomas "radically operated" (author's transl)]. The conservative postoperative treatment of patients with successfully resected bronchial carcinoma is described. The drug employed was ISCADOR, deriving from mistle. A comparison is made between 37 treated and 41 untreated cases. After 3 to 5 years 22 of group one and only 9 of group two (controls) are still alive.


[Cytostatic chemotherapy and sensitivity tests (oncobiograms) (author's transl)]. The success of cytostatic chemotherapy depends on the numerous factors. Thus, apart from pharmacokinetic and cell kinetic factors, particular attention is being attached to the resistance at cell-biochemical level. In the past decade, a number of screening tests has been devised to avoid the use of ineffective cytostatic drugs in therapeutic schedules. The use of organ culture technique is described for cytostatic sensitivity tests in patients with operated bronchial carcinoma.


[Diaphragmatic and lung abnormalities (author's transl)]. This report deals with diaphragmatic abnormalities, their origin, anatomy, clinical features, therapy and prognosis. A rare deformity of the diaphragm: aplasia of the left side combined with hypoplasia of the left lung and a mediastinal abnormality is described and problems of diagnosis and surgical therapy are discussed.


[Considerations on bodyplethysmography (author's transl)]. Bodyplethysmography and spirometry are complementary methods in several respects. On the basis of measurements in 102 persons highly significant correlations between body plethysmographical and spirometrical results in the assessment of restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects as well as of increased residual volume are shown. Differences between the results of both methods are looked upon as useful informations.


[Misdiagnosed peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinomas in radiographical follow-ups (author's transl)]. By means of chest radiograph-series it is pointed out that adenocarcinomas of the lung show only a slow growth in the initial stage. Therefore failures in diagnosis are not uncommon despite of well timed abnormal findings in X-ray-investigations. In the differential-diagnosis the special use of tomography plays an important part. The existence of metastases has to be supposed when the radiological presence of a solitary nodule is evident during some years, even if the primary tumour itself shows only a very slow growth.


[Difficulties in the diagnostic of endobronchial foreign bodies (author's transl)]. Diagnostic Difficulties in 27 cases of inhaled or swallowed foreign bodies are critically reviewed. Possible sources of diagnostic errors are emphasized. 25 foreign bodies were removed by endoscopical procedures. 1 fatal case concerning an eight months' old child is described in extenso. One foreign body localized in the upper esophagus and causing the symptoms of tracheal stenosis was removed by esophagotomy.


[Difficulties with diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. Diagnostical and therapeutical problems of mediastinal tumors are reported, and their management is described. Lethality was 9% (causes related to the operation, including final stages of advanced tumors).


[Longterm results of surgical treatment in mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. 94 mediastinal tumors have been operated. There were no problems concerning the indication with benign tumors, but a number of technical difficulties with malignant tumors. Early removal is recommended, thus early diagnosis is most important.


[Experience with mediastinoscopy (author's transl)]. Results of 330 mediastinoscopies are presented. Mediastinoscopy showed to be a safe and reliable method in the diagnosis of systemic lymphatic disorders. Mediastinoscopy was not performed as a routine method. Therefore it is difficult to evaluate its significance in the qualification for surgical treatment in the carcinoma of the lungs. Nevertheless the use of this method may spare unnecessary explorative thoracotomy in many patients. Possibilities of therapeutic use of mediastinoscopy are presented.


[Indications and longterm results of surgery in mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. Most important for the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors are X-ray methods (incl. tomography and pneumomediastinum). Early operation is important for all kinds of tumors. The lateral thoracotomy (Perelman) is recommended. Longterm results are good with benign tumors. This can not be said for malignancies because of their usually late discovery.


[Experiences from early detection and surgical treatment of mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. 87 mediastinal tumors were operated at the Halle Universitätsklinik between 1951-1973. 42.5% were diagnosed occasionally by the yearly X-ray mass screening. 47.5% were benign, 34.4% malignant. The lower proportion of malignancies is attributed to the rapid growth of the tumor and the long interval between the screenings (1 year). Results, localizations and treatment are reported.


Surgical treatment of myasthenia by thymectomy. From 1967 to 1973 Thymectomies for Myasthenia gravis have been done at the Zakopane Chest Surgery Hospital. Preoperative duration of the disease was some 2 1/2 years. Histological types: Thymoma 6, Thymus persistens 61, malignant lymphatical growth 1. Postoperatively 9 patients had a myasthenic, 6 a cholinergic crisis. These and other respiratory troubles made necessary 14 prolonged intubations and 6 tracheostomies. Depending on the clinical picture small doses of cholinergic drugs were given. Lethality was 1.5%. Long-term results (1/2-6 years p.o.):22.6% needed no drug therapy, and 62.9% only in small doses, 6.5% showed subjective improvement and 6.5% no change.


[Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. Experiences with 13 thymectomies for myasthenia gravis between 1966-1973 are reported. Incomplete median sternotomy was preferred. Myasthenic or cholinergic respiratory failure was a major complication after surgery. Daily measurements of VC were useful indicators to dedect beginning failures. Results depend on duration of the disease and histological type of lesion. Recommendation of thymectomy at an early stage of the disease is justified.


[Myasthenia gravis: surgical treatment with thymectomy (author's transl)]. Thymectomy may be an effective treatment of Myasthenia gravis. 25% of the 16 patients had a complete remission of the disease, 70% remarcable improvement. Half of the patients were able to resume working. Diagnostic methods, surgical and postoperative problems are discussed. Lateral left thoracotomy is recommended.


[Differentiation and identification of mycobacteria by means of thin-layer chromatography of their lipids. I. Application for the classification of rapidly growing mycobacteria (author's transl)]. Experiences with the analysis of mycobacterial lipids by means of thin-layer chromatography are described. The influence of different media used for the cultivation of the strains, the age of cultures and heating of the bacteria on the lipid patterns was investigated. 25 strains of rapid growers belonging to various species were examined by a definite procedure. As the results indicate the lipid analysis allows a differentiation of more species than with the usual culture and enzymatic methods. The conclusions especially for taxonomic problems are discussed.


[Complex function of mucuos membrane of the upper respiratory tract and its possibilities of irritation (author's transl)]. The increase of air pollution problems and occupationally exposed noxious substances require an intensification of research in the field of mucosa of the respiratory tract. Interrelations of structure and function of the mucosa are considered. Open problems including resorption are discussed. Due to the relatively limited range of reactivity of the respiratory mucosa, the continuous functional and defense stress may result in subacute and chronic inflammatory changes. The reasons for this reactivity pattern are elucidated and the various endogenic and exogenic factors and the stages of inflammation are characterized. The protection against infection and the immunological system are discussed in the light of modern scientific findings, showing that the basic functions of the mucosa and the unspecific (congenital) as well as specific (acquired) factors - the immunoglobulins - make necessary further investigations.


Comparison of the helium rebreathing method and the x-ray film densitometry in epidemiological screening tests of CNSLD (author's transl). Two methods for the examination of the residual volume were compared under the special conditions of epidemiological studies. The X-ray Photo Densitometry RV/TLC is measured as a quotient of the brightness of the lung radiographs during inspiration and expiration maximums. The Helium Rebreathing method is a gas mixture technique. The correlation between both methods proved to be significant (r = 0,60). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods for epidemiological studies were discussed.


[Importance of acetylcholine-test for workers under medical supervision by industrial physicians and the prophylactic examination of patients with obstructive lung-diseases (author's transl)]. 2316 persons, predominantly underground miners, aged up to 64 years were investigated with the acetylcholine-test (ultrasonic aerosol device for individual inhalation "TuR", USI3, 0,2% solution, 3 min duration of inhalation) to detect bronchial hyperreactivity (decrease in the first-second-flow-test about 30% compared with the initial value 5 min. after finishing inhalation). This method permits an early diagnosis of bronchial obstruction and helps to distinguish between a stable and unstable reaction of the bronchial system. In 75 (4,4% from 1714) patients without and 57 (14% from 434) patients with manifest ventilation disorders a bronchial hyperreactivity was found. Restrictive disorders did not influence bronchial hyperreactivity. With increasing degrees of manifest bronchial obstruction a highly significant prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity was demonstrable. Patients with a slight manifest bronchial obstruction tended significantly more frequent to intensified bronchospastic reactions. Periodical health examinations for early detection and dispensary care for persons with bronchial obstruction and obstructive respiratory diseases should be attained. The standardization of this examination is discussed, because in 60,2% there was a positive cough reaction and in 2% the inhalation had to be stopped prematurely. The one-step-method of inhalation with a acetylcholine-solution (0,1%) is proposed.


[Clinical and experimental examinations of drug-aerosols for the practice (author's transl)]. Drug examination is regulated by drug legislation and special instructions for examination methods. Drug aerosols and inhalants for therapeutic purposes have to been examined regarding the different liquids, solutions, carriers and technical devices such as nozzles, ultrasonics and propellants for administration as a nebulized aerosol. Indications and contraindications of these inhalants, their local compatibility and reactions to the bronchial mucosa, their desired therapeutic effects, localized and general side-effects, localized and general side-effects have to be determined and are discussed. The data of these examinations have to be correlated with clinical and paraclinical results.


[Parasternal fine-needle-biopsy in patients with mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)]. Report on 16 fine-needle-biopsies in 12 cases of primary and 4 secondary mediastinal tumours, 3 of them with impairment of venous return flow. Cytological examination of the material permitted in 12 cases a clear decision especially regarding further therapeutical measures. With the exception of one case of pneumothorax no complications were observed.


[Chronic berylliosis of the lungs with special regard of pathomorphology (author's transl)]. The course of the disease of a berylliosis of the lungs is described with a patient, who had been working with berylliumoxide in the laboratory of a porcelain factory for about 21 months between his 16th and 20th year of life. At the age of 22 berylliosis was diagnosed radiologically and recognized as a occupational disease. At 32 years of age the patient died from the sequences of berylliosis. In this case-study the particular damages due to berylliosis are discussed depending on the different beryllium compounds. The chronic berylliosis of the lungs is pointed out in a pathologically anatomical way. It is supposed that an allergic reaction of the organism is reponsible for the pathogenesis. Special demands in the field of industrial medicine are resulting from the course of the disease.


[The cytologic diagnosis of rare lung tumors (author's transl)]. The cytologic diagnosis of typical cell pattern originating in rare lung tumours gets a supplementary value for an accurate diagnostic prediction in addition to histologic examinations. Comparison was made by use of light and electron microscopy between three bronchogenic carcinoid tumours, two melanomas metastasizing to the lung, and one plasmacytoma in the lung. The cytologic diagnosis from dab smears and the electron microscopy are able to give an accurate diagnostic decision examinating some single difficult cases by - demarcating the cells of carcinoid tumours from the oat cells originating in undifferentiated small cell anaplastic carcinomas - differentiating plasma cells using May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained smears - detecting melanin by using electron microscopy in the nonpigmented melanomas metastasizing to the lung.


[Interstitial lung fibrosis and diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. Report on a case of Diabetes insipidus associated with Hamman-Rich-Syndrome. The importance of early lung biopsy is stressed for the analysis of this case.


[Diagnosis of bone tumors].

[Diagnosis of bone tumors]. For the prognosis of the relatively rare bone tumours the time of neglect has an essential importance. At every suspicion of a bone tumour a systematic diagnostics which is directed to the clarification of the malignity should be carried out. The anamnesis often contains references which particularly allow an early recognition of the disease. Only the synopsis of anamnestic, clinical and paraclinical, radiological and bioptical findings ascertains the correct diagnosis. The modern diagnostic methods are discussed concerning their differential-diagnostic valency and range of indications. The close collaboration between peripheral and central institutions on the one hand and between surgeons, radiologists and pathologists on the other is necessary to make a certain diagnosis of the bone tumour in shortest time. A national and central register of cases of bone tumours would be recommendable.


[Projection variations in the roentgenologic study of the gall bladder reflex]. On 505 positive cholecystograms was comparatively investigated the assessibility of radiograms after the provocative meal in different projections. The most favourable conditions for the evaluation were present at the projection in the 2nd oblique diameter p.a., which is recommended for application.


[Old and new standardized color test for the determination of aspartate aminotransferase in the differential diagnosis of heart infarct and angina pectoris]. The usability of the new and old standardized colour test for the determination of the aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) (set of test instruments VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden) in the differential diagnosis between acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris are compared. Concerning this problematics the new colour test does not evoke a better separation effect than the old one. Since with the change-over there were connected considerable uncertainties in the clinic it is recommended in case of a future standardisation to publish the regions of reference and first clinical experiences before the change-over.


[Clinical-biochemical study of systemic panchondritis]. With the help of a casuistic and the results of own investigations clinical, differential-diagnostic, biochemical, pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of panchondritis systemica are described. The very rare clinical picture, which coincides with chondrolysis and perichondritis, manifests itself intermittently in the region of the auricles, the nose, the cartilaginous parts of the ribs as well as of the chondroskeleton of the respiratory system and in most cases has a fatal termination. Probably on the basis of the pathogenetically decisive changes of the basic substance in addition to this arthritic symptoms, symptoms similar to Bechterew's disease, carditic as well as ocular and internal ear symptoms may appear. Results of own investigations refer to considerable abnormalities in the glucosamine glycan metabolism, in which case the question must remain open, whether these biochemical and immunologic factors are to be regarded as the primary pathogenetic cause. For avoiding irreparable and dangerous defects of the cartilage a sufficiency dosed treatment with corticoids is necessary.


[Dependence on age of the effects of catecholamines in man I. Effect of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline on blood pressure and heart rate]. In 2- to 3-year-old, 18- to 34-year-old as well as 57- to 75-year-old persons the effect of a one hour's permanent infusion of noradrenalin (0.0625 mug/min kg), adrenalin (0.025 mug/min kg) and isoprenalin (0.0142 mug/min kg) on blood pressure and hear rate is investigated. In a concerning age uniform dosage/body weight isoprenalin and adrenalin increase the heart rate of the older organism on a larger scale than in the younger. The increased sensitiveness of the heart of old persons to beta-adrenergics is to be taken in consideration in therapeutic use with regard to cardiac side effects. In juvenile adults the systolic blood pressure is more increased by isoprenalin as well as the diastolic blood pressure by noradrenalin than in older persons. The concerning age different cardiovascular effects of the investigated adrenergics in man are discussed in connection with findings of animal experiments with regard to aging in the sensitiveness of adrenergic receptors.


[Bacteriuria--findings in diabetics].

[Bacteriuria--findings in diabetics]. The frequency of bacteriuria in 2.058 unselected diabetics obtained with the help of microscopic slides was 9.67%. Here women (n=1,325) with 13.5% have an essentially higher share of constant bacteriuria (number of germs more than 10(5)/ml) than men (n=733) with 2.4%. In very old men older than 75 years a clear increase to 14.6% could be proved. A relation between duration of diabetes and frequency of bacteriuria could not be ascertained. On the other hand there existed a dependence on the form of therapy of diabetes. A constant bacteriuria was present in dietetically led diabetics at 7.3%, in those persons treated with oral antidiabetics at 10.2%, in diabetics treated with insulin at 13.8%. The slide culture is clearly superior to the hitherto still used bacteriological and biochemical methods and is recommended particularly for screening tests.


[Value of the propranolol test in the differential diagnosis of repolarization disorders in the ECG]. The propranolol-test was inaugurated as a simple method for the differentiation, whether repolarisation disturbance in the ECG is based on an organic or a functional cause. In order to determine the value of this test, in this study ECG-strips were done at rest and under bicycle exercise before and after assessment of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on 41 patients with organic heart disease (most of them with chronic ischaemic heart disease [CIHD]) and 20 patients which had no evidence of heart disease. 19 of 26 patients with heart disease and ST-segment changes already in the ECG at rest had a false positive propranolol-test. Ischaemic ECG-responses under exercise conditions were diminished by the beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, too. These results are in coincidence with findings that give evidence of considerable sympathetic component in the multifactorial origin of coronary insufficiency and of protective therapeutic efficiency of beta-adrenolytic substances. It is concluded that the propranolol-test brings no further information--at least with regard to CIHD--whether repolarisation changes in the ECG are organic or not.


[Inguinal "pomade" crust of infants].

[Inguinal "pomade" crust of infants]. A thick crust of a very peculiar appearance (table 1) was found in the groins of babies overtreated with ointments and oils. The condition was not diagnosed before and even treated with corticosteroid ointments. The crust disappeared when the parents changed the care of the baby and avoided greasy preparations. It was easy to remove the crust by dissolving them with oil.


[The mechanism of action of vitamin A acid]. Although vitamin A acid has been used successfully in medicine for several years, the mode of action is still unknown. Clinical investigations have shown, that the application of vitamin A acid is associated with elevation of serum levels of vitamin A and after high dosage side effects develop similar to hypervitaminosis A. Several possibilities regarding the mode of action of vitamin A acid are discussed; it seems to be most likely: 1. The vitamin A depots of the body are mobilized by vitamin A acid. 2. The release of lysosomal enzymes is dependent on the serum level of vitamin A. 3. The unlimited DNS and RNS syntheses are inhibited by the action of lysosomal enzymes. 4. Disturbances in this control mechanism cause anomalies in the process of keratinization and the cellular turnover of epithelial tissues.


[On the occurrence of fatty acids in animal fats. 1st communication (author's transl)]. The fats of a number of organs, and of sausages made from these organs, were examined regarding their composition of fatty acids. The main emphasis was placed on determining the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The values were expressed as "arachidonic acid equivalents", on the effects of lowering the level of lipids in the blood. In the tested organs the fat contained 9-19% arachidonic acid equivalent. In the sausages that fat contained 5.9-8.9% arachidonic acid equivalent (i.e. 2.1-2.5 g arachidonic acid equivalent per 100 g of sausage). High contents of arachidonic acid were found particularly in fat from livers.


[Investigations on the influence of insecticides on autoxidation processes. X. Formation of peroxides from octadecenic acid methylester in the presence of water and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (author's transl)]. According to the range DDT less than DDE less than heptachlor less than heptachlorepoxide, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides promote the formation of peroxides from cis- and trans-9-octadecenic acid methylesters within the lipid and the water phase of the investigated model system. Compared with DDT and heptachlor the metabolites DDE and heptachlorepoxide proof as more efficient prooxidants; this may be explained by their higher reactivity. According with these observations the amount of insecticides, especially of heptachlor and heptachlorepoxide, that can be extracted from the model system with petroleumether after 72 hrs of autoxidation is markedly diminished. From that it is concluded, that in the investigated lipid-water-system the insecticides not only have a catalytic effect, but also are in part immediately involved in the formation of peroxides from 9-octadecenic acid methyl ester.


[Investigations on the influence of insecticides on autoxidation processes. XI. Formation of secondary metabolites from octadecenic acid methyl ester in the presence of water and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (author's transl)]. For determining the influence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides on the formation of secondary metabolites from peroxidized 9-octadecenic acid methylester by autoxidation within 72 hrs, substances reacting with phosphomolybdanic acid have been separated by TLC. Furthermore the increase of metabolites containing carbonyl groups and the variation of the ratio of polar to unpolar OH-groups in the metabolites have been determined by IR-spectrophotometry. All results proved, that the trans-9-octedecenic acid ester is autoxidized more rapidly than the cis-ester. Moreover the insecticides principally favour the formation of secondary metabolites from the lipidperoxide. This effect increases in the range DDT, DDE, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide. If the increase of metabolites with carbonyl groups is chosen as a measure for the prooxidative effect, the effect appears equally high for the cis- and the trans-ester. But the hydroxyl index is changed depending on the kind of the insecticide added and the steric configuration of the lipid.


Interactions of malonaldehyde with collagen. IV. localisation of malonaldehyde binding site in collagen molecule. The amino acid sequences were determined of three peptide fragments, isolated from a pronase digest of collagen modified by malonaldehyde. The hypothesis was confirmed that lysine, and not tyrosine residues, participate in the formation of crosslinkages.


[Salmonella isolated in effluents of Herault stations (author's transl)]. Investigation for Salmonella in the effluents of 97 purification plants has underlined the importance of Salmonella endemy in the county of Herault before and during the summer. The existing systems of purification do not eliminate sufficient pathogenic bacteria from waste waters.


[Epidemiology and prevention of tuberculous contamination in bacteriology laboratories. Results of a survey on 23 laboratories]. The authors have carried out a survey of 23 bacteriology laboratories to investigate tuberculous contaminations which took place from 1967 to 1972 in these laboratories. They have reviewed 20 accidents in 74 technicians who performs searches for tuberculous bacilli, and 29 accidents in the total amount of 379 technicians working in these 23 laboratories. A comparison of these results with the previous published investigations shows a rather high number of cases reported in our country. A review of the possible causes of contaminations leads to suspect bacterial aerosols and to put forward the use of laminar flow enclosures as a prevention. The authors have tested several vertical flow instruments built to different patterns. All three convenient enclosures have an architectural characteristic: their blowing ceiling overhangs the working plane. As these instruments have been under examination for three years in a laboratory where contaminations are very likely to happen, they have obtained interesting results.


Determination of chloramine T in dairy products. A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of traces of chloramine T (Activin, Halamid) in dairy products. Proteins are removed and the hydrolysis product toluene-4-sulphonamide is extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is oxidized with an alkaline potassium permanganate solution. The oxidized product is isolated by ether extraction and the residue is subjected to reduction with Raney Nickel catalyst in a sodium hydroxide solution. The sulphonamide group is split off and the benzoic acid thus formed is subjected to a gas chromatographic analysis.


[Salmonella isolated in water supplies (author's transl)]. Salmonella were identified eleven times in 2128 samples of treated and untreated drinking water, by straightforward identification of lactose-negative bacteria on filtrating membranes normally used for colimetry. Counting of faecal E. coli, Coliforms and Streptococci revealed that nine of these water samples were nonetheless up to bacterial standards for drinking water.


[Lead-content of foodstuffs. 3. Lead intake from total daily diets (author's transl)]. The lead contents in the total daily diets of four adults were determined over a period of one week. On average, the weekly intake was found to be 0,85 mg Pb per person. This value is less than one third of the "provisional tolerable weekly intake" of 3 mg Pb, as recommended by the FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. The average weekly intake of lead per kg body-weight was found to be 11,8 mug Pb.


[Activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the serum and bones of zinc-deficient and zinc-replenished cows]. In a study with five lactating dairy cows fed a semisynthetic diet, the changes in the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the serum, bones and milk were investigated in response to dietary depletion and repletion of zinc. During a six-week depletion period (6 mg Zn/kg dry matter) the alkaline phosphatase in the serum decreased to only 82% of its initial level which, however, was reduced already due to a low zinc intake before the start of the study. After 19 weeks of depletion the activity had decreased to 43% of its initial level. Additions of zinc during the repletion increased the activity very clearly and to much higher values than the ones at the start of the study. Thus this effect of repletion was as large as that for the zinc content in serum and milk. The serum alkaline phosphatase indicated a dependence on the performance and represents a sensitive indicator of the zinc status. The activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the bones (Tuber coxae) decreased to 68% of its initial level after six weeks of zinc depletion. The alkaline phosphatase in the milk was not influenced by the zinc supply.


[Influence of chromium as a trace element on the hormonal regulation in the rat. 2. Physiological function of chromium in carbohydrate metabolism]. Young growing rats were fed additional doses of Cr-III-acetate to a balanced basic diet. The investigations of Cr metabolism indicated: 1. Rats supplied with sufficient Cr as well as those on Cr-poor diet showed the same level of blood glucose. With the Cr-poor group however a significantly smaller glycogen depot in the liver was obtained. 2. After a starving period the hypoglycaemic status of Cr-supplied rats was significantly lower than that of the Cr-depleted controls. 3. Adequate charge of adrenalin to hypoglycaemic rats showed a rise of blood glucose to the same physiological level with both Cr-supplied groups and control groups. Adding adrenalin the level of blood glucose of Cr-supplied rats decreased significantly higher than that of the controls. 4. With rats, being made hypoglycaemic by a starving period and than fed higher doses of glucose up to a slight hyperglycaemia, supplementation of sulfonylurea decreased the level of blood glucose more with the Cr-supplied groups than with the control groups. The experiments proved that adequate feeding of Cr to rats led to a higher level of bound insulin in the blood. The depot of insulin is easier mobilizable. It may be assumed that Cr acts as a insulin activator. However it seems more likely to consider other effects of Cr probably as activator to the permeability of cell membranes which as well may explain the higher glycogen depot of Cr supplied animals.


[Influence of the quality and quantity of feed components on digestion, the digestive energy of feed and the required nitrogen feed uptake in the adult rat]. In this study performed with 14 different food mixtures, the qualitative and quantitative effect of the food components on the digestive energy yealds, and the required nitrogen food comsumption, was investigated on the adult rat. The apparent complete digestion of a food with semi-synthetic components is app. 23% higher than by natural components of the standard food. An increased raw-fibre content of 3-4% decreased the entire digestion of the semi-synthetic components app. 5%. Further observations indicated that an increase in protein digestion as well as general digestive activities were directly related to an increased quantity of semi-synthetic proteins (soya protein, casein). It was however noted that although a high amino acid value was present (92,2%-85,3%), a considerably lower value existed for the protein digestibility of natural components (73,1%). From the calculated daily requirements of 1,5 gN/kg (body weight) of digestible protein, it was established, through investigation on the relationship between the "volume of food consumed in order to satisfy the protein requirement" and the protein content of the ration, that there is a direct dependence between the volume of food consumed and its protein content. In addition a dependence exists between the protein content of the ration and the energy consumed. This relationship between the quantity and the quality of the dependent components and the required essential nutrients have been discussed.


[Immunologic studies in relation to cryotherapy of gynecologic diseases]. The interesting nexus of problems related to the behaviour of the T-cell effected immunity situation of patients treated by means of cryosurgery and operations, was commenced by examinations of 118 women in regard of the transformability of lymphocytes. By the help of swab-preparations and especially of the PHA-stimulated lymphocyte transformation test, patients have been controlled in regard of vulva carcinoma, cervix carcinoma, condyloma, kraurosis vulvae and other portio findings being in need for medical attendence. Though the results are not to be regarded without reserve, the cryotherapy seems to improve the T-cell effected immunity situation in some of the patients suffering from vulva carcinoma. Up to now, the controls have also shown that they may reveal prognostic suggestions in certain cases.


[Radioimmunologic studies on serum gonadotropic hormones during oral contraception]. In 10 women serum FSH- and LH-concentrations (radioimmunoassay) were measured daily throughout a complete cycle. 2 patients exhibited untreated biphasic menstrual cycles. 2 women were under the treatment of a combined estrogen - progestagen preparation, 1 woman was taking a sequential preparation, and 5 patients were treated with a weekly dose of a recently developed depot - estrogen (ethinylestradiolsulfonate). While the untreated women showed typical serum FSH-and LH-patterns characteristic of the biphasic menstrual cycle, patients on combined therapy were found to have a continuous low FSH- and LH-level except in the postmenstrual phase of the cycle, in which the values were slightly elevated. Serum-FSH-concentration in the woman on the sequential preparation remained constant throughout the treatment peroid, while serum LH-pattern showed multiple peaks. In the same manner, serum LH-patterns in women on the weekly depot- estrogen regimen were characterized by nearly regularly appearing LH-peaks, which seemed to be correlated with the estrogen intake. The cause and clinical significance of these findings are discussed.


[Therapeutic results in cervix carcinomas during the period 1962-1966]. At the Frauenklinik Finkenau in Hamburg, from 1962 to 1966 a total of 586 women were hospitalised for initial treatment of a carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The results of treatment are compared with those continously published by our clinic since 1946. The absolute 5-year-cure-rate amounted to 59,6%. Stage I was treated by operation, mostly Wertheim, and afterwards, like stages II to IV, with radiation. Cytostatic agents, mostly Trenimon, were applied in addition to initial therapy to about 25% of the patients. Trenimon was also used for recidive-therapy. The value of this additional therapy has been published in another study. The observed complications are described in details. Patients with hydronephorsis have recently been reexamined by X-rays. The absolute 5-year-cure-rate amounted to 88.4% for stage I, to 65,3% for stage II, to 37,4% for stage III and was 0% for stage IV. The relative 5-year-cure-rate of stage I-patients, treated by Wertheim-operation amounted to 95,2%.


[1st lymphogram and lymphographic course monitoring in the surgical management of cervix carcinoma]. The results of pre-lymphographic examinations and the post-operative control of 503 patients with cervix-cancers will be evaluated. In order to justify the lymphographic results, the histological results of 353 cases of examined patients could be analysed. Agreement between lymphographic and histological results amount to 75%. As a result of this, the individualized therapy of cervix cancers will be discussed. Thereby, special significance is given to the question of percutane radio-therapy. Only by micro-cancers with normal lymphogram, the lymphadenectomy will be desisted. Otherwise, the modified hysterectomy with vaginal cuff and bilateral lympadenectomy will be carried out. In 5% of the examined patients, primarily lumbar metastasis by operable cases could be diagnosed. New lymphnode metastasis appeared in 5% of the operated patients. Important for the individualized therapy is an exact praetherapeutic, especially histological diagnosis through conisation as well as a subtle histological examination of operated material including the exstirpated lymph-node.


[Sex behavior of female patients following therapy for cervix carcinomas]. Report about behaviour in sexuality of 201 patients after treatment of carcinoma cervicis at the Department of Gynecology of Karl-Marx-University Leipzig in 1965 to 1966. The data of interest were sexual behavior 2 years before treatment and that 5 years after. The informations were got by direct interrogation and with the help of a standardized form.


[Precanceroses of the cervix uteri--contribution to diagnosis within the scope of pregnancy interruption]. The report deals with the early diagnosis of the carcinoma of the cervix under the aspect of the induced abortion between 1972 and 1974. In 5313 cases of induced abortion, we diagnosed 13 carcinoma of the cervix of the group 0 (0,26%). The medical treatment was carried out by means of conization and hysterectomy, respectively. The significance of the searching for the carcinoma during the pregnancy is mentioned.


[Serum FSH and LH levels in women following surgical castration and during hormonal management of menopause symptoms]. Using the radioimmunological method, FSH and LH levels were determined in women immediately after surgical castration and after an elapse of 18 months to two years. A twofold increase in FSH was found already two days after castration, while an increase in LH only after six days. Increased FSH and LH levels were observed as late as after two years when upon the administraion of estrogens and androgens, the feed-back mechanism of the pituitary still plays a role. In women with pronounced menopausal disturbances the FSH and LH levels were followed up after the application of Folivirin and Agofollin-Depot over a period of two weeks. There was a constant decrease in FSH of all women immediately after the injection, while the responses in LH were subject to variation, the decreased LH levels being found in all the women only towards the end of the second week. Folivirin was found more suitable for mastering the menopausal disturbances.


[Management of female patients with the Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. The treatment by wedge resection of the ovaries in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome has been considered in 47 cases. The periods were restored to normal in 31 of cases. Ovulation occurred in 19 of cases. Pregnancy was achieved in 15 cases of 39 patients complaining of infertility. The authors discuss the method of wedge resection, the results of therapy, the problems of the recidivation and deal with the oncological, hormonal and psychical follow-up care of the patients. The authors' own principles of treatment are also summed up.


[Large chorangioma].

[Large chorangioma]. The clinical picture with its fetomaternal complications and the pathological and anatomical condition of a chorioangioma connected with the placental tectorial membrance and measuring 5 cm by 10 cm by 2,5 cm are described. Data in the literature on chorioangiomata are compared with the case described in this paper and discussed in detail.


[30-year experience with operated-on and not-operated-on renal dystopy]. One hundred and thirty-eight patients with dystopic kidney were followed-up for 30 years. The operated and non-operated patients were considered separately. The condition manifested itself mostly after the age of 20. Under regular medical control, the condition can be treated by conservative methods. The possibility of an ectopic kidney should be thought of even when complaints are not typical or there are few symptoms.


Auto-alloplastic arterial prostheses.

Auto-alloplastic arterial prostheses. Substitution of a resected portion of the aorta by means of auto-alloplastic tubes formed in the omentum was performed in animal experiments. The tubes containing a fibrocollageneous polyester net behaved favourably both functionally and morphologically. The method might find promising application in clinical use.


Treatment of gastric, intestinal and hepatic injuries with collagen and adhesive. Gastric, intestinal and hepatic injuries induced in dogs were treated with a collagen preparation and an adhesive. The animals survived the intervention and absorption of the materials applied proceeded parallel to the healing process.


[Acute renal failure following para-aminosalicylic-acid therapy]. A case of renal failure due to para-aminosalicylic acid allergy is reported. The need to check renal functions in the case of symptoms indicative to PAS allergy is stressed.


[Bacteriological studies in gallbladder and bile duct diseases]. In 373 hospitalized patients with bacteriologically positive bile samples, the aetiology was clarified by laboratory methods in 80% of clinically verified gallbladder and biliary duct infections and in 15.5% of diseases related to the biliary duct. The relationship between anacidity and biliary duct infection and the high incidence of biliary duct infections at advanced age are pointed out. About 90% of the cultures yielded intestinal bacteria and in more than 50% of the bile samples, E. coli was present.


[Antibiotic management of bacterial bile-duct and gallbladder infections]. The sensitivity to antibiotics of the various bacterium strains has been studied in the bile samples of 373 patients with gallbladder and/or biliary duct infection and the clinical effect of antibiotic therapy applied to 325 instances was recorded. The antibiograms suggested an increased resistance mainly of the intestinal bacteria isolated from the bile samples. An increase in the ratio of polyresistant strains was observed. Gentamycin, neomycin, polymixin and kanamycin were the most potent in vitro. Parenterally administered chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline acted favourable in most cases of biliary infection. This therapy was successful even against pathogens resistant in vitro to chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline. The higher efficacy of aimed antibiotic therapy compared to randomly applied treatment is stressed and confirmed by numerical data.


Acute renal failure caused by leptospirosis. Three patients with severe leptospirosis leading to anuria and treated with haemodialysis are reported. One patient died. The pathomechanism and the underlying pathological and histological changes of the renal failure are discussed. It is stressed that the clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is often difficult, as other infectious diseases,first of all infectious hepatitis, frequently present the same symptoms.


[Evaluation of the left ventricular function in patients with coronary disease by means of atrial pacing]. In 18 patients with coronary artery disease and in 12 control subjects, left ventricular function was studied by means of rapid artial pacing. The results were compared with the cardiac dynamics, as determined by left ventricular dysfunction although the angiograms portrayed normal contractility at rest. It has to be assumed, that abnormal myocardial function was only evident during the pacing stress. On the other hand, if the angiogram showed local hypokinesis, the hemodynamic effect of this slightly abnormal contraction could be determined by atrial pacing. Moreover, rapid atrial pacing often produced myocardial ischemia and anginal pain in patients with coronary heart disease. In these cases the transient "anginal" depression of left ventricular function could be separated from the chronic hypoxic "preanginal" dysfunction. This may be of vale in terms of surgical revascularisation.


[Long-term results in pacemaker therapy]. The range of age, life expectancy and problems of functional control in pacemaker patients, are reported. The results demonstrate the dependability of pacemaker treatment, provided that there is an adequate functional control. The life expectancy, in comparison with total population, was found to be similar.


[The question of indication for surgery in renovascular hypertension]. 11 of 22 patients with angiographical identified unilateral stenosis of renal artery underwent a reconstruction of vessels. 11 patients were treated according to conservative methods. To achieve a prognosis, we compared pressure gradient and methods based on determination of plasma renin activity (PRA) including the difference of concentration of PRA in both renal veins as well the relationship between the concentration in the renal veins and peripheral blood and the suppression of the renin secretion in the undamaged kidney. In cases when all prognostic criteria were in positive accordance, operation was successful (7 cases). When there was no accordance, we noticed a correlation between pressure gradient and surgical success in 3 cases and predicaments based on PRA and success in 2 cases. Pressure gradient is pointed out as important parameter, 3 of non operated patients showed a progression of this disease.


Heterotopic thyroid follicles in the accessory mesonephric lobes of Heteropneutes fossilis (Bloch). The presence of heterotopic thyroid follicles is reported in the accessory mesonephric lobes of Heteropneustes fossilis. They are found rarely and singly, scattered in the substance of these lobes, in the early stages of development; but in the adult organ they occur in groups. There is no regular distribution and proper arrangement of these follicles. They are mainly located in close proximity to blood vessels and are considered to have migrated to their heterotopic positions along them. They show some signs of functional activity in the adult animal.


Seasonal histological changes in the ovaries of a mountain stream teleost, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray and Hard). In S. richardsonii, unlike its testis, the whole of the ovary is fertile. The oogonia pass through seven maturation stages to form the ripe ova. The residual oogonia are responsible for the development of the new crop of oogonia. The zonation of the ooplasm reveals that a majority of the oocytes have a darkly stained inner and a lightly stained outer zone. The yolk nucleus probably has some relationship with the process of vitellogenesis. The nucleoli are produced by the division and fragmentation of the nucleolus. Extrusion of nucleoli appears to be associated with the formation of yolk. The formation of yolk globules in the oocyte begins in the periphery of the ooplasm and moves inward till the whole of the ooplasm in impregnated with yolk. As the yolk vesicles are PAS-positive in this fish, they contain mucopolysaccharides. The ovarian cycle can be divided into five stages. The ovary becomes much enlarged and distended in the month of October and delicate and thin in March. The spawning season extends from late October to December and the ovary exhibits asynchronism.


Anatomical, neurohistological and histochemical observations on the tongue of Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter). The staining and demonstration of neural elements in relation with other associated structures was most satisfactory at pH 5.2, incubation period 20 h, and temperature 40degreesC. Ganglia of various shape and size were observed on or near the fungiform, filiform and foliate papillae. In the region of the fungiform papillae, a chain of ganglia (parasympathetic) was observed. The nerve cells of these ganglia showed cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The neural networks of the foliate papillae were connected with the neural terminal network and occasionally to the ganglia. The innervation of blood vessels (artery and vein) was profuse. At times ganglia were noticed on the periphery of the artery. Neuromuscular spindle-like structures were noticed occasionally. Dot-like free nerve endings were also observed. The ChE activity was very marked in the muscle fibres lying in the region of the circumvallate papillae but was less marked in the muscle fibres lying in the region of the filiform and fungiform papillae.