Comparison of reactions to human and armadillo lepromins in leprosy. To assess the usefulness of Mycobacterium leprae-infected armadillo tissue as a substitute for human lepromas for the manufacture of lepromin, we compared skin reactions to preparations from these two sources in 115 leprosy patients. The patient sample represented all the primary clinical forms of leprosy. Lepromin derived from the armadillo (lepromin-A) provoked the same pattern of responses as human derived lepromin (lepromin-H), i.e., lepromatous patients gave the weakest reactions. Lepromin-A reactions were consistently more intense than those to lepromin-H. We conclude that lepromin-A is a promising alternative to lepromin-H and may make the worldwide distribution of a standardized skin testing reagent feasible.


In loco parentis: the child model of psychiatry, a critique. I have attempted to show that much of psychiatric treatment now and in the last two centuries has been conceptualized and practiced along the lines of a child model. In my discussion of what I consider the inappropriate use of this model I have suggested that it obscures certain fundamental legal, moral and ethical questions involved in the practice of psychiatry. Because psychiatry is still a relatively young science, and still very much involved in the process of determining its relation to the people it seeks to serve, we must be ever alert to the consequences, intended or unintended, of using a particular model. An we must do this in the contex of our professional and cultural history.


Comparison in leprosy patients of Fernandex and Mitsuda reactions using human and armadillo antigens. A double-blind study. The Mitsuda and Fernandez reactions to bacilli prepared from lesions of human patients and bacilli from infected armadillos were studied in 112 leprosy patients. It was observed that there is no substantial difference when armadillo lepromin is used instead of human lepromin except that a larger induration occurs with the use of the armadillo lepromin in a majority of cases. The number of those reporting a burning sensation at the armadillo lepromin injection site was slightly higher in lepromatous patients; whereas the burning sensation was observed at the human lepromin injection site by the tuberculoid cases. With the significant information compiled in this study, it is concluded that lepromin prepared from bacilli obtained from infected armadillos is as effective as that prepared from bacilli obtained from the lesions of leprosy patients.


The state mental hospital in transition. Illinois state mental hospitals decentralize. In this paper, we have looked at mental hospital decentralization as it has developed in the thirteen State of Illinois mental hospitals as of June 30, 1967. The hospitals were looked at from the most centralized to the most decentralized. This was done by relating the hospitals to five descriptive model types, described at greater length elsewhere. Hospital decentralization is portrayed as a complex and highly idiosyncratic process. Attempts to place specific hospitals at point along the decentralization continuum are thus tentative and clear rules for classifying stages of decentralization have yet to be formulated. Complicating the picture still further is that hospitals in transition change rapidly and may at even intervals of a month show dramatic change. It is expected that the trend implied is stable, however, and that ultimately all Illinois state mental hospital with possible exception of ISPI and Illinois Security Hospital, will be located at the decentralized model. This is seen as necessary if they are to survive as viable treatment institutions.


17-Ketosteroids in leprosy.

17-Ketosteroids in leprosy. Urinary 17-ketosteroids were estimated in 29 lepromatous leprosy cases. Correlation between 17-ketosteroid values, histopathologic findings, and serum G.G.P.T. values is discussed. Low values of 17-ketosteroids were associated with definite leproma to liver indicating the value of liver damage to 17-ketosteroids. This was more marked in males than in females.


Patients discharged against medical advice from a lock-and-key psychiatric institution. Over half of patients discharged a.m.a. from the psychiatric department of the Neuro-Psychiatric clinic in Sarajevo leave within the first two weeks of hospitalization. Over the same period only 8% of patients leave the department w.m.a. On the average patients discharged a.m.a. belong to the age group younger than patients discharged w.m.a. This difference is less marked when a correction is made by diagnostic groups. In a significantly greater number of cases patients discharged a.m.a. are of a higher educational level than patients discharged w.m.a. (p less than .0001). 2. In patients discharged a.m.a. personality disturbances and tentamen suicidii are diagnosed in significantly greater number of cases (p less than .0001 and p less than .0001) than in the patients discharged w.m.a. A comparison of patients in the experimental group (a.m.a.) with patients in the control group (w.m.a.) from the aspect of factors stimulating or initiating discharges a.m.a. has shown that for patients leaving a.m.a. the situation of the closed psychiatric ward is more trying and that it causes in them a concealed or open revolt. 3. The declared motives of discharges a.m.a. have confirmed the above finding. 4. No difference has been established as to the number of readmissions and the adjustment level between patients discharged w.m.a. and those discharged a.m.a.


Complement determinations in the synovial fluid and serum of a patient with Erythema nodosum leprosum. Simultaneous serum and synovial fluid CH50, C1, C4, C2, C1 esterase inhibitor and C3 protein were determined in a patient with acute erythema nodosum leprosum. The pattern of synovial fluid complement activity coupled with the demonstration of multiple lepra bacilli free and within histiocytes is more consistent with an infectious than an immune complex induced synovitis.


Development of the index of medical underservice. A mathematical model was developed to predict experts' relative assessments of scarcity of personal health services. This model provides, quickly and inexpensively, estimates of the relative assessments experts would make of any area in the country, in the form of an Index of Medical Underservice. The index is being used by the Bureau of Community Health Services in the preliminary designation of medically underserved areas for the federal HMO program.


Quantitative, histologic and ultrastructural studies of the index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve in leprosy and its correlation with electrophysiologic study. A correlative study of clinical, electrophysiological, quantitative, histopathologic and ultrastructural changes seen in 13 instances of the index branch of the radial cutaneous nerve was undertaken in leprosy patients. Testing by graded nylon proved to be more reliable than any other conventional clinical tests. The quantitative studies revealed that small-sized fiber loss was encountered in the early stages of nerve involvement in leprosy followed by loss of large-sized fibers with or without increase in small-sized fibers. Segmental dymyelination of small-sized fibers was seen in early stages of degeneration in leprosy nerves irrespective of type of leprosy. Wallerian degeneration was encountered in advanced stages with total destruction of the nerves. At the ultrastructural level clinically normal nerves of leprosy patients (LN series) showed minimal but significant changes, such as thickening of the basement membrane of perineurial cells, as well as an increase in the amount of collagen between the perineurial layers. Marked increases in the amount of endoneurial collagen were noticed. Axons devoid of myelin, probably demyelinated fibers, were occasionally observed. Slight proliferation of the basement membrane of the endothelial cells was also observed. These changes were of a more advanced nature in the clinically involved cases of leprosy (L series). Two BL types of cases from the L series, showed presence of M. leprae in Schwann cell cytoplasm of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, perineurial cells, in endothelial cells and macrophages. In cases having impaired sensory modalities (L series), thickening of the perineurium was due to increase in the number of layers of perineurial cells in addition to the increase in collagen. Probably one of the ways in which unmyelinated fibers degenerate is by splitting the Schwann cell columns and extrusion of the axons. Collagen pockets were seen in the LN series of cases. These are probably the degenerated nonmyelinated fibers being replaced by collagen fibrils. Postoperative clinical charting was done on the patient whose IRC nerves were removed. It showed complete restoration of all modalities of sensation in the area of its distribution by the end of three months.


[Facial Palsy: lack of electrical nerve excitability in the presence of physiological nerve function (author's transl)]. In facial palsy, return of mimetic movement can be preceded or accompanied by temporary pathologic decrease or absence of nerve excitability. Fifteen patients are reported in whom electromyography was able to determine reversibility of nerve lesion and prevent unnecessary nerve decompression.


The use of intravenous isoproterenol in the treatment of status asthmaticus. The use of intravenous isoproterenol in nineteen children with status asthmaticus who did not respond to standard anti-asthmatic therapy is reported. Six of the fourteen patients who responded favorably had normal blood gases within six hours ten within twelve hours and twelve within eighteen hours; all fourteen of the patients who responded favorably had normal blood gases within twenty-two hours after the drug was begun. Clinically, eleven of the fourteen patients who responded favorably showed improvement in respiratory distress within twelve hours of the institution of therapy. All patients who responded favorably showed some improvement within twenty-eight hours of treatment. There were five treatment failures; two were due to cardiovascular toxicity of isoproterenol, and three to progression in symptomatology that necessitated continuous ventilation with respirators.


[Villous tumors of the rectum. Apropos of 30 cases]. Although high localisations of villous tumours may be treated by wide removal, which alone guarantees cure without risk of relapse, the use of such an operation in low villous tumours is less obvious owing to the mutilation which may result. Local removal of small volume tumours by the anal route, by the trans-sacral route when they are larger or more broadly implanted, is preferred by us in rectal localisations, i.e. each villous tumour should be treated taking into considération all its characteristics.


Absence of an antibiotic effect of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Fractions of Mycobacterium ulcerans were tested for the ability to inhibit growth of 39 bacterial strains. At protein concentrations of up to 280 mg/ml, there was no detectable effect on the growth of any of these bacterial strains.


[Vesico-uterine fistulae].

[Vesico-uterine fistulae]. The authors are reporting 3 cases of uteravesical fistula due to cesarean section or difficult childbirth. They underline rarity of those complications and present a general review of 103 cases. Clinical aspect depends on the kind of the fistula : there may be either pseudo-incontinence, or hematuria-amenorrhea-continence, or a mixed syndrome. Diagnosis is essentially based on radiology examination and operative treatment always gives complete satisfaction.


[Diagnosis of pregnancy before the menstrual period is delayed. Interest of the determination of plasma chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in fertility disorders]. Estimating plasma HCG levels in the last days of the menstrual cycle have very early diagnosis of pregnancy. In 86 cycles occurring in 65 women being treated for sterility the levels were estimated between the 10th and the 15th day following the low point in the temperature curve for the purpose of trying to estimate the practical use of this method. In 30 cycles studied one case of fertilisation took place and was confirmed by the evolution of a pregnancy. From the 11th day onwards with the exception of one solitary case the concentrations of HCG ranged between 15 and 405 mUl-2 degrees-IS-hCC/ml. These levels, therefore are higher than the apparent concentrations found in a  group of women used as controls who were not pregnant (0 to 4.5 mUl/ml.). In 56 other cycles apparently normal periods followed on the expected date. All the same, the apparent concentration of HCG (2 to 32 mUl/ml) is far higher often than in the control group. The interference of LH in the level makes it impossible to decide between two hypotheses: whether raised levels of LH are associated with irregular menstrual function or with fertilisation, followed by premature expulsion of the oocyte.


[Congenital syphilis. Apropos of 3 cases with early neonatal manifestations]. Three patients with early congenital syphilis are described. A slight degree of prematurity was a common feature. Symptomatology consisted in a combination of various lesions of the skin, bones, respiratory and nervous systems. Despite prompt initiation of therapy with penicillin, one patient died a few hours after birth. Another patient's death was attributed to a secondary Klebsiella overinfection. This demonstrates the severity of the syphilitic injury for the newborn infant when it manifests itself at birth.


[Unusual aetiology of a case of Pierre-Marie disease (author's transl)]. A case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy which was unusual by virtue of the young age of the patient, the particularly marked development of the adjacent periosteum and, above all, the rare aetiology noted: a carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.


Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis infestations) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park. In Africa trichinosis is essentially a disease of wild carnivores. Once established in a suilline cycle it becomes a more important threat to man. The results of tests on 8,000 specimens of 20 wildlife species in the Kruger National Park are discussed and the epizootiology of trichinosis in South Africa is briefly reviewed. The first case of trichinosis in an African civet, Viverra civetta Schreber, 1776, is reported. The confirmed absence of trichinosis in true herbivores is of practical significance in view of the increasing utilization of game meat as food.


Causes of variation of copper, iron, manganese, zinc and magnesium levels in bovine livers. 3. The effects of locality. The effects of locality on the copper, iron, manganese, zinc and magnesium levels in 407 bovine caudate lobe liver samples preserved in formalin for differing storage periods were examined. The mineral determinations, expressed on the wet basis (WB), were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet ashing of the liver. Two hundred and ten of the liver samples were from cattle from one farm (Farm 1) the remaining 197 cattle being from another farm (Farm 2). The copper, iron and magnesium levels were taken as indicative of the hepatic concentrations at slaughter. Locality had a significant effect (P less than 0,05) on the copper, iron and magnesium levels. All copper levels on Farm 1 fell well below the accepted minimum (33,0 mg/kg). The deficiency appeared to be secondary with the possible implication of sewage effluent. In terms of biological variation the different iron levels appeared of minor importance and no inverse relationship was found between iron and copper. The manganese and zinc levels were interpreted with caution due to the significant differences reported in their hepatic concentrations after six months of storage in formalin. Extremely high zinc levels in individual animals could have been associated with sewage effluent.


The efficacy of cambendazole against cestode infestations in lambs. The anthelmintic efficacy of cambendazole dosed orally at 20 mg/kg live mass was determined against naturally acquired cestode infestations in lambs. The anthelmintic was completely effective against both Moniezia spp. and Avitellina centripunctata. Difficulties in ascertaining the presence of infestations with the latter species in the living animal are discussed.


X-linked mental retardation associated with macro-orchidism. Two families are described with an X-linked form of mental retardation in whom the affected males were found to have bilateral enlargement of the testes. No conclusive evidence of any endocrinological disturbance was found.


45,X Turner's syndrome in monozygotic twin sisters. A 7-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital for anaemia, secondary to intestinal blood los (melaena). She was found to have 45,X Turner's syndrome. Her identical twin sister also had Turner's syndrome with a 45,X chromosome complement. According to various criteria the probability of monozygosity was 0.9905. Although the incidence of twinning is greater than usual in families of patients with Turner's syndrome, affected cases have only been observed in twin sisters on six occasions. It seems therefore that the 45,X chromosome complement itself is not a factor predisposing to twinning, but that in some families, a factor is at play, which cuases either twinning or the 45,X aneuploidy, or both.


Distal brachyphalangy of the thumb in mental retardation. Distal brachyphalangy (DBP) of the thumbs is a hereditary autosomal anomaly found in 1 to 1.5% of whites and in less than 1% of blacks. It was found in 26 of 852 mentally retarded patients in the present study; a frequency of over 3%. The male:female ratio was 70:30. There was bilateral DBP IN 69.5% and unilateral DBP on the right hand in 19% and on the left in 11.5%. The 26 cases (100%) showed a subsyndromic aggregate of distal brachyphalangy of the thumb (DBT), short stature and mental retardation, 19 of them presented an abnormal head and 17 presented abnormal feet (nine of them also had convulsions). Six cases are discussed in detail; it is suggested that they belong to particular clinical categories. In addition to gene abnormalities (which is the most likely cause) a possible explanation of the aetiological factors could be found in some sort of anomaly of the hypopituitary-hypothalmic area, since in the five cases where it was investigated, the sella turcica was small in four cases and large in one. Almost all known syndromes of which the subsyndrome discussed here is a part also shown abnormal skulls, and this may add to the aetiology.


Studies on pathophysiological significance of sympathetic activity in myocardial infarction. In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiological significance of the sympathetic hyperactivity in the acute stage of myocardial infarction, the author observed changes in the urinary excretion of CA, the CA content in the myocardium and the hemodynamics in both clinical and experimental myocardial infarction, and the following were found: 1) In clinical myocardial infarction, the urinary excretion of CA was markedly increased immediately after an attack, and the assay of myocardial specimens form the autopsied patients of acute myocardial infarction revealed that the CA content in the non-infarcted area was lower than that in the infarcted area. 2) In the experiments on rabbits with ligated coronary artery, the increase in cardiac contractility and rise in blood pressure in response to CA was supressed after the ligation of coronary artery. In the early stage of experimental myocardial infarction, the decrease of myocardial CA content in the non-infarcted area was, as in autopsied patients, predominant over the decrease of that in the infarcted area. In the chronic stage (more than one week after the coronary ligation), the CA content in the infarcted area showed further decrease, but in the non-infarcted area it was recovered to the level in the control animals. The uptake of exogenous NA into the non-infarcted area decreased in the acute stage, and in the infarcted area it showed marked decreased in the chronic stage. The urinary excretion of CA was increased in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. 3) The administration of betamethasone suppressed the decrease in the CA content in the myocardium following the ligation of coronary artery. Based on these findings, the author came to a postulation that the sympathetic hyperactivity which is suggested by increased urinary excretion of CA and decreased CA content in the myocardium results from the reasonable biophylactic reaction so as to supplement the cardiac hypofunction derived from myocardial infarction.


[Grawitz tumour in children (author's transl)]. A Grawitz tumour was discovered in a five year old boy. Nephrectomy was performed. The child died four years later in the course of a metastatic generalization. The clinical diagnosis was oriented by haematuria and radiographs which disclosed a calcified tumour at the lower pole of the right kidney. The diagnosis was substantiated by biopsy and morbid anatomy.


[Bifid ureter ending blindly at one of its upper ends. 4 cases (author's transl)]. In childhood, the bifid ureter ending blindly at one of its upper ends is the most frequent type of "ureteral diverticulum". Four cases are described: two were diagnosed because of urinary infection, the two others were part of a more complex urinary anomaly. When such a lesion is found, it seems logical to remove the pouch where the ruine refluxes and stagnates. It is a relatively benign operation and the result usually is good.


[Action to be taken in traumatic rupture of the urethra in boys (4 cases) (author's transl)]. On the occasion of four cases, the authors studied the problems posed by traumatic rupture of the urethra in boys. They draw a very clear distinction between fresh rupture where the urethral lesions are only one of the elements of multiple trauma. The clinical picture and the I.V.P. form the basis for the diagnosis, and the indwelling catheter when it can be placed in position remains a valid mode of treatment. At the stage where complications have arisen, a clinical as well as a radiological check-up is indispensable before taking any decision. If action must be taken, suture-resection seems to be the best solution.


[Epidermoid cyst, a benign tumor of the testes. Concerning 2 cases (author's transl)]. With reference to two cases of epidermoid cyst of the testes, it is recalled that testicular tumors are rarely benign (3% of cases); among these the epidermoid cyst remains exceptional. This tumor is always benign, with no degenerative potential, as long as it exists in the pure form. Only the histological examination permits one to affirm that it is an isolated epidermoid cyst without any other teratomatous constituent. Simple orchidectomy is the treatment of choice for this tumor.


[The effects of actinomycin D on the brain RNA synthesis and on the passive avoidance latency in the goldfish (author's transl)]. (a) Intracranial injection of actinomycin D (2 mug/10 mul/fish) inhibited about 70% of the goldfish brain RNA synthesis from 3 hours to 4 days later. (b) The goldfish injected actinomycin D intracranially was given the passive avoidance training. Intraday-acquisition (short-term memory) was not blocked but interday-retention (long-term memory) was markedly blocked. It might suggest that the brain RNA synthesis is not related to short-term memory but is necessary for long-term memory.


[Relationship between infraslow wave of ear plethysmogram and psychic tension--in comparison with skin potential reflex and heart rate (author's transl)]. An infraslow wave (ISP), with the cycle of 7-12 sec period, was observed in the plethysmogram on the ear, but was not observed on the finger or forehead. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ISP could be a new physiological indicator of psychic tension or not, by comparing it with the heart rate (HR) and skin potential reflex (SPR). In Exp. I, ISP, HR, and SPR were recorded during paired-associate learning. In Exp. II, those measures were monitered under 3 different levels of motivation: Task-orientation, ego-orientation, and punishment. ISP, HR, and SPR were shown to be reliable physiological indicators of psychic tension. It was suggested that those measures are related to different aspects of psychic tension.


[The effects of feedback signal and model signal on heart rate changes (author's transl)]. An attempt was made to modify heart rate by presenting the Ss: E1-visual feedback and model signals, E2-feedback signals, E3-model signals, or C-no signals as a control group (6 Ss in each group). Model signal was a weak light which flickered at the rate of 20% above or below the pre-stimulus base IBI. All groups were required to either raise or lower HR alternately and E1 group was instructed to synchronize the feedback signal with the model signal. Significant bidirectional HR changes were found in 3 experimental groups and most effective changes were obtained in E1 group. In the second study, extended training to one S with E1 condition resulted in HR increases of 16 bpm and decreases of 9 bpm.


[Effects of a sodium pump inhibitor on skin potential activity in human sweat glands (author's transl)]. To examine the effect of the ductal reabsorption of sodium in the sweat gland of the measured skin potential level (SPL) and skin potential reflex (SPR), an inhibitor of the sodium pump, G-strophanthin was injected into the subcutaneous tissue in humans. A sharp reduction of SPL in negativity was obtained just after the injection, while there was no observable change in SPR waveform compared with the non-treated concurrent control if the reflex amplitude was ignored. It is indicated that the sodium pump theory can not sufficiently account for the production of positive component of SPR. It is also suggested that there may be not so strict association between SPL and SPR waveform as was argued previously.


Effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion in normal supine man. To investigate the effect of propranolol and prindolol on renin secretion plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined overnight at short-time intervals in 10 sodium-restricted normal supine subjects. 4 of them were on a 4-days medication with propranolol, 3 were rreated with prindolol and 3 were used as control group. In normal controls renin was secreted episodically and showed characteristic night-day variations. Both in propranolol and in prindolol-treated subjects secretory episodes in renin secretion either did not occur or were less frequent than in normal controls. With one exception night-day variations in renin secretion were not observed. Mean PRA values were significantly lower than in the control group (p less than 0.001). Our results show that both propranolol and prindolol lower PRA and eliminate or reduce the frequency of secretory episodes. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating night-day variations and short-time fluctuations of renin secretion in normal supine man.


[Kwashiorkor. Dermatological and clinical aspects (Analysis of 100 cases)]. The Authors study 100 children with "kwashiorkor", treated at Municipal Hospital Jesus (Rio de Janeiro). The children came from prolitic families of low economical resources. Their age is between 4 months and 8 years, 53% of them beiney halfbreed, 32% white people and 15% negroes. Diagnosis was based on alimentary deficiency in high caloric value proteins (100%), oedema (100%), muco-cutaneous alterations (78%), capillary changes (65%), apathy (75%), muco-cutaneous pallox (67%), and complementary examinations (total and fraction proteins, sodium, potassium hemoglobin). They emphasize the role of intercurrent infections (verminosis, pneumopathies, virosis, otitis, etc.). Treatment was carried out through correction of desnutrition, hydro-electrolytical troubles and infectious diseases.


[Summer lichenoid papulosis].

[Summer lichenoid papulosis]. A possibly new clinical picture observed in summer time is described by the authors. It consists of a lichenoid eruption suggesting sand dermatitis and occurring after prolonged sun exposures. The symptoms disappear 6-8 days after exposure but recurred at each new sun bath. The localization of the lesions on both covered and uncovered parts of the body did not favour the hypothesis of a direct action on the skin of the sun radiation. The histological picture was characteristic and consisted of focal parakeratosis, spongiosis, exocytosis of the epidermis and an angeitis of the blood vessels, of the upper dermis with alteration of the walls and lymphohistiocytary infiltrate of importance disproportionate to the smallnes of the clinical lesion. The name of "summer lichenoid papulosis" is given by the authors to this clinical entity and the differential diagnosis with other similar clinical pictures is established.


[Reactional status of leprosy].

[Reactional status of leprosy]. Reactional leprosy is studied according to its clinical forms A) Lepromatous a) Acute lepromatization: encroaching and invasive nature; the patient becomes more and more lepromatous ; bad prognosis. b) Erythema nodosum: "contusiform dermatitis"; variable prognosis not so bad as it is in the preceding case; allergic nature and its evolution is usually detained and therapeutics efficient. c) Erythema multiform. d) Lucio's phenomenon: vascular lesions and consequently necrosis as a complication of the "erythema necrotisans" (beautiful leprosy). B) Tuberculoid Reactional tuberculoid is the only one in this benign type, the Mitsuda's test must always be positive and prognosis consequently good. C) Dimorphous or "Borderline" whose Mitsuda's test is mostly negative, sometimes positive, but not stable. The lesions may stimulate the tuberculoid leprids but they invade mucous membranes, are impregnated by pigmentation, may present the Unna's band, and other characteristics of the Lepromatous type. Are associated (fever, asthenia and emaciation). Prognosis not very good, because of the possibility of lepromatization, according to its tendency. Evolution slower and frequent relapses. Besides there are nodular lesions. Pathogeny 1) Perifocal allergic reaction (Jadassohn). Similar to epituberculosis and Herxheimer reaction. 2) Septicemia. Sensitized tissues inside or outside the lesions, are invaded by the bacilli and so the allergic reaction takes place. Even without culture resources, Mycobacterium leprae has been found in the blood by direct examination. 3) Autoimmunization (Waldenstrom, Matthews and Trantman, 1965). Based upon the similarity between both humoral syndromes, in leprosy reactions and collagenous, diseases, as to: hypergammaglobulins, hypercryoproteins, antigammaglobulins, serological reactions (Wassermann, Kahn, Kline, VDRL) positives, Antistreptolysin O, protein C reactive, antinuclear factors, latex and Wadler-Rose test positives (rheumatoid tests) lowering of complement. If leprosy reaction is like this, it should be the less agressive of the autoimmune diseases. a) Its eruptions are cyclic not of long standing duration, as a general rule. b) Its prognosis has been recognized as good, except lately, because of the use of corticoid therapy which has been fatal, in many cases. After some years the leprosy reaction cures spontaneously. Treatment (see article)


[Clear cell acanthoma with dendritica cells charged with melanine and fat]. A Clear Cell Acanthoma is presented, located in the abdominal region, in a 60-year old man, who had had it all his life. The lesion was warty in appearance and brown in colour. Histologically, among the clear cells, numerous dendrytical cells were found which simultaneously contained melanine grains and small drops of neutral fat. These findings are discussed.


Athletics and cardiovascular health.

Athletics and cardiovascular health. The heart includes systolic and diastolic components. The immediate effects of physical activity include increased sympathetic nervous and related hormonal activity; increased heart rate, contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac output. The time for systole and diastole are reduced, with relatively more work per beat. Light activity prior to the following strenuous exertion enhances performance, safety, and recovery. Children, women, and men show similar responses to activity: acute stress, with long-term improvements in cardiovsacular function. There is no cardiovascular reason for restricting activity for children or women. Mental and/or emotional stressors cause similar stress reactions, without the potential long-range benefits of regular physical activity. Athletics is viewed as an optional part of a lifetime of regular, vigorous activity, and as such can make a contribution to one's cardiovascular fitness. From this viewpoint, there is no need to put one in the stressful athletic situation until adequate pre-conditioning has taken place. Neither is there a place for inactive promoters of athletics for its own sake.


[Adult progeria (Werner's syndrome)].

[Adult progeria (Werner's syndrome)]. Two cases of Progeria of the adult (Werner's Syndrome) are presented. The outstanding characteristic of the mentioned syndrome is an early, progressive and fatal aging of the patient. The study of those two cases suggested, first: a literature search which has shown 140 references to the Werner's Syndrome up to 1971, and second: a clinical features review about general manifestations and specific particularities concerning the skin, cardiovascular system, eyes, glandular system, laboratory tests, etc. Our two patients, who respond to the signs required by Thannhauser for the diagnosis of the Werner's Syndrome, were very useful to clarify the clinical features review undestalren.


[Angiokeratoma neviformis circumscriptus]. A review of the different types of angiokeratoma in particular of the angiokeratoma neviformis circunscritus is made by the authors. After differential diagnosis and pathogeny of this lesion the authors suggest that the best is excision surgical followed by grafting. Description of a case.


[Superficial elastic nevus of the face. Its possible identification with "Elastome en nappe" of Dégos]. An Elastic Nevus is presented in the form of a solitary plate located in the cheek of a 24-year-olf woman, which had developed over the period of one year. Its histology very much resembles that of a solar elastosis. Its identity is discussed with a very similar case described by Larrotcha and Contreras and with those published by Dégos et al. as "Elastome en nappe du nez".


[ORF. Epidemiological, histopathological and clinical considerations, apropos of a case]. The observation belongs to a 22 year-old man, who presented a lesion in the index finger of the right hand, with a nodular induration, which later turned into an ulcer and was cured in a month and a half. In the beginning it was painless, becoming painful after the third week. He was given a treatment of a simple topical application. The histopathologic study showed the existence of an inflammatory chronic process with epidermic alterations characterised by the presence of necrosis and vesicles (reticular degeneration). There was also a significant presence of mural necrosis of vessels of the papillar dermis and subpapillar plexus, with recent partial mural thrombosis, that authors consider of importance in the pathogenic of the process. Comments are made about the evolution of the illness in man and in caprines and ovines. On enclose the histopathologic study of a biopsy of lip, extracted from a sheep affected by this illness. This showed a microscopic picture similar to the one described above.


[In vitro cellular immunity in lymphoproliferative skin diseases. Inhibitory factor of macrophages]. 27 patients affected of lymphoproliferative processes, 9 with different non-granulomatous dermatosis and 40 controls are studied by the authors. The technique David & David is used to determine the inhibition of the migration of macrophages in capillary tubes, adding to the culture medium the serum of the patient. They find MIF-like activity in the serum of three patients affected by the sezary syndrome. All sutdied cases of cutaneous lymphoma, non granulomatous dermatosis and healthy controls are negative.


[Chronic urticaria and serum iron].

[Chronic urticaria and serum iron]. During the year 1974, 111 patients with urticaria were studied in the Department of Dermatology, of the Saint Paul's Hospital (Autonomous University of Barcelona). Among those, 77 had chronic urticaria, of which 22 a had low blood iron values. After iron treatment the urticaria improved or was cured in some of these patients. The remaining cases in which the cause of their hives was unknown were followed for one year. Some systemic causatives for their urticaria may appear on longer follow-up. At the same time, blood levels of salicylates trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin were checked in 14 patients, with the object of a possible relationship concerning the persistence of the urticaria.


[Sclerema (clinical review apropos of 20 cases)]. Twenty cases of children with Sclerema observed at a Pediatric Service during five years are presented. Their clinical and laboratory traits are integrated in a dermatosis appearing after various and usually serious complications. In the children observed the most frequent finding was represented by sepsis, some of them with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, diarrhoea with dehydration. The therapy applied, fundamentally was based on parenteral solutions, antibiotics and corticoids, was directed by those diseases and not by the presence of sclerema, which however appeared influenced by the supply of the latterly mentioned medicaments. Microscopic disturbances are discussed too, and a reference is made to the incriminabea pathogenic mechanisms.


[Toxic hepato-cutaneous porphyria (occupational disease)]. Two cases of cutaneous hepatic porphyria of toxin origin were identified within a small period of time. Both patients are farmers and recently handled very intensively, without any precaution, some pesticides containing organo-phosphorated substances. Due to its toxic character the disease is similar with the so called Turkish porphyria. It is to be remarked: 1. The professional nature of the disease. 2. The up to now unreported reference of the induction of cutaneous porphyria by phosphorated agents.


[Erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Report of 3 clinical cases and evaluation of the topical retinoic acid treatment]. Three cases of erythrokeratodermia variabilis are presented, the first one being a female aged 16 and the two others being a woman aged 27 and her son aged 2. Familial relationship between case 1 and the others did not exist. The inheritance pattern was apparently autosomal recessive in the first case and autosomal dominant in cases 2 and 3. The dermatological lesions were the classically described for the disease. The evolution had not been influenced by puberty in cases 1 and 2 or by the pregnancy in case 2. Topical acid vitamin A (0.1 g. per cent cream) was used on hyperkeratotic areas in every patient with substantial reduction of the lesions. However these beneficial results were not long-lasting after discontinuance of that therapy.


[Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accidental inoculation "in anima nobile." Report of a case]. A case of paracoccidioidomycosis by accidental innoculation on the back of the left hand in a female patient is presented. Clinically the manifestation was of a hard and painful nodular lesion. This lesion was completely excised surgically. This lesion was completely excised surgically. The material obtained revealed the "Paracoccidioides brasillensis" by direct and histopathologic microscopic examinations. No culture was obtained. The histopathologic aspect of the lesion was of a tuberculoid granuloma. The immunological study demonstrated a positive intradermic test and negative results by complement fixation and preciptin reactions. The lesion cured completely after the surgical excision and sulfadimetoxin treatment.


[Variable pseudoerythroplasic telangiectasis balanitis]. This is a special case of balanitis, that authors separate from entities clinically established such as Erthroplasie of Queyrat, Balanitis of Zoon, Liquenoide Balantis with Plasmocytes and the Balantis of Sulsberger and Garbe's illness. The V. P. T. B. is clinically characterized by the presence of telangiectasies, ertroplasiform aspect, without any infiltration, non purpure, the V. P. T. B. goes through a first period truly esythematous and a second one in which these is also desquamation. That cycle is completed in a month. At the histopathologic level, the most important characteristics are: epidermis with its Malpighian layer in a normal state, the basal layers showing hidropic degeneration. The repper dermis shows a lichenoid picture that, in certain places affects the basal layer. The infiltrate is composed of: lymphocytes, monocytes and plasmocytes. Numerous telangiectasies are also observed.


[Acute intestinal perforation as a complication of Behcet's disease]. Perforation of the alimentary tract is a rare and dangerous complication of Behcet's disease. This report describes a case with perforation of the ileum presenting an acute abdominal emergency. The surgical intervention was successful.


[Oral tuberculosis (report of 2 cases)]. Two cases are hereby presented, diagnosed through clinical, laboratory radiology and histological methods. In each case, the oral involvement was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The trauma, particularey in the teeth, is an important deciding factor. Clinically, some ulcerous lesions in mucous membranes and tongue were observed, with definite characteristics such as quite severe pain, difficulty in swallowing and talking. The selected treatment has been chemical therapy. Looking back at hospital files, these two cases have been the only ones observed at Hospital de San Jaun de Dios of Bogotá, in the last fifteen years.


[Papulois lymphomatoide].

[Papulois lymphomatoide]. Clinical study and bibliographic review of the lymphomatoid papulosis (Macaulay-1968) and parapsoriasis varioliformis acute (Mucha-1916). A personal case is reported after a review of nosological location of these diseases and the variable prognosis. The authors reach the following conclusions: 1st) From the clinical point of view the small number of lesions in the lymphomatoid papulosis bring about a different clinical picture from that of parapsoriasis varioliformis acuta in here usually there is a considerable number of lesions. 2nd) There are concomitant lesions of parapsoriasis gutata in parapsoriasis varioliformis and none of the type in lymphomatoid papulosis. 3rd) Protracted course in lymphomatoid papulosis and short lived eruption in the parapsoriasis varioliformis acuta. 4th) From the histological point of view denser and atypical infiltrate in cases of parapsoriasis varioliformis.


[Multiform granuloma (apropos of a case. Histopathological and clinical study)]. We are confronted with the case of a patient who presents a clinical and histopatologic diagnostic of granuloma multiforme, it is considerated as the first of this illness published in report of american literature.


[The perception of physical performance in different work conditions (author's transl)]. Borg's RPE method was used by the authors to evaluate physical performance of healthy subjects during exercise tests performed either in the night or daytime and involving different muscle masses (upper and lower limbs). The reliability of RPE scale was confirmed. The perception of physical performance appeared to be higher in the night-time and when upper limbs were involved.


[Experimental contribution to the study of the anticellular effect of diphenyl mercury (author's transl)]. The effect of diphenyl mercury on the chick embryo erythroblastic cell population and rat's bone marrow cells has been studied. The predominant cytologically observed effect of this compound was the c-mitotic action. Besides the well known capacity of spindle inactivation, the diphenyl mercury was able to induce chromosome fragmentation; a radiomimetic action of the compound is suggested.


[Morphological changes of the liver after chronic vinyl chloride intoxication (author's transl)]. The monomer vinyl chloride in its gaseous form is used as basic product for industrial synthesis of polyvinyl chloride; it does cause lesions of the liver depending on the dose and the time of exposure. Lesions found on histological examination are: 1. degenerative alterations of liver parenchyma; 2. focal adaptive changes in the cytoplasma of hepatocytes; 3. enlargement of liver cells and polymorphy of cell nuclei; 4. slowly progressive fibrotic and to a lesser degree cirrhotic changes of liver parenchyma, localized in part around the sinus, in part in the septal-periportal areas; 5. activation and proliferation of sinusoidal cells. Sarcoma of the liver due to a probable oncogenic effect of vinyl chloride could be diagnosed in three patients exposed to the toxic agent.


Medicolegal problems in determining cause of death in motor vehicle accidents. The major problems of medical and legal causation in traffic-associated fatalities have been reviewed, and the possible pitfalls in relating causation emphasized. In conclusion, the determination and evaluation of causality in vehicular traffic deaths may be a very complex process, requiring special skills and thorough understanding of medicolegal issues. Proper determination of medicolegal causality is crucial to the financial, legal, and medical interests of many individuals and social groups.


The investigation of drug abuse deaths (legal, law enforcement, and medical aspects). The pathologic investigation of a death caused by drug abuse need not be considered an onerous task. The investigator must be aware that it is a medicolegal investigation and proceed with the examination in a scientific and methodical manner, having verified all the circumstances, ascertained the evidence, and--most important--approached the problem as a multidisciplinary investigation requiring coordination of all information with proper authorities. The drug abuse problem cannot be considered to be fading, and with the advent of new sources of drugs, increased availability of others, and the emergence of newer synthetic compounds, the problem of drug abuse requires not only scientific knowledge but also challenges the detective in the pathologist.


Isolation and structural studies of coprine, the disulfiram-like constituent of Coprinus atramentarius. Coprine, the constituent of the mushroom Coprinus atramentarius Fr. responsible for its disulfiram-like activity, was isolated. Chemical and spectral data indicate that the compound is N5-(1-hydroxycyclopropyl)glutamine. Although coprine was shown to produce hyperaldehydemia in mice following ethanol ingestion, the compound was not found to be an inhibitor of mouse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro.


[The acid-base status in infants with complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. In 36 infants with complete transposition of the great arteries aged one day to ten weeks, the acid-base balance was studied before, during, and after heart catheterization. The results indicate the dependency of the acid-base equilibrium on pulmonary function. Infants with only small shunts or with decreased pulmonary blood flow had a metabolic acidosis. Impairment of lung function either by high pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary congestion, or pneumonia caused mixed acidosis. Regulary found after heart catheterization and angiocardiography we found a more severe and mixeden acidosis. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed.


[Retrospective study of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm: Surgical vs. non-surgical treatment (author's transl)]. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm have extensively been studied in 705 infants treated in 5 pediatric clinics in Hamburg, W.-Germany, during 1961 to 1970. With this report and its statistical evaluation we are aiming to provide basical information to answer the question still open to discussion: Are we allowed to demand surgical treatment in every single case of spastic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis? The following questions have been investigated: distribution of cases due to grade of severity; frequency of surgical and non-surgical, conservative treatment in these groups of different severity; its rate of success and of fatal outcome; length of clinical treatment and hospitalization; frequency of additional, intercurrent disease in both groups, with and without abdominal surgery; complications during and after surgery; late complications with regard to the way of treatment. From our results we conclude that surgical intervention is indicated in severe cases and in cases of medium severity, together amounting to 60% of all cases. In less severe, about 40%, cases non-surgical, conservative treatment is promising in almost all cases. The most important parameter to single out these less severe cases besides the general status is the roetgenologic finding that delayed emptying of the stomach starts within 15 to 20 min. Important as well is a balanced electrolyte and acid-base metabolism. Once more we advocate individual and subtle decision of paramount surgical intervention, reasoning from the background of this study where the percentage of infants successfully treated by non-surgical, conservative medical ways is very high.


[Comparative study of the repeated nucleotide sequences in DNA from differentiated tissues and tumors]. DNA renaturation kinetics was measured for the genomes of normal (spleen) and malignant (plasmacytoma) mouse tissues and for DNA from liver, sperm and developing embryos of the loach. It has been shown that the measuring of DNA renaturation kinetics makes it possible to reveal differences in the content of certain fractions of the repetitions in the genomes of different species. Moreover, differences in the distribution of the repetitions between hetero- and euchromatine can be identified. Loach embryo DNA  (blastula stage) was shown to contain larger amount of the fraction renaturing at Cot less than 10(-2) as compared to liver and sperm DNAs (by 5%). An enrichment with respect to the intermediate repetitions (10(-2) less than Cot less than 10(2)) was found in the mouse plasmacytoma DNA as compared to the spleen DNA. The nature of these distinctions is discussed.


[The postoperative vomiting after pyloromyotomie (author's transl)]. Following pyloromyotomy vomiting may persist for several hours or days in a high percentage of children due to a loss of gastric tone. If this is the suspected cause the feedings must be adjusted individually. Other causes for postoperative vomiting are incomplete pyloromyotomy and surgical complications, associated anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and nonsurgical diseases. A correct diagnosis can usually be made by the assessment of the beginning and the type of vomiting and the other symptoms. To shorten the period of hospitalization is advantageous for decreasing the occurrence of additional diseases.


[Structure of the complexes of distamycin type antibiotics and actinomycin D with DNA: new data on the localization of these antibiotics within the DNA narrow groove]. It is shown that antibiotics actinomycin D (AM), netropsin (Nt), distamycin A (DM) and the propyl analogue of distamycin A (pDM) being complexed with DNA are located within the narrow groove of DNA. A comparative investigation of the 3H-dimethyl sulphate methylation extent of free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with AM, Nt, DM and pDM reveals that upon DNA saturation these antibiotics decrease the methylation level of the narrow groove (AM by 30%, pDM by 50%, DM by 65% and Nt by 70%). In the triple complex of DNA+AM+DM the methylation level of the narrow groove drops by 80%. The large groove is not shielded by these antibiotics at all. However, the methylation level of the large groove decreases by 50% for T6 phage DNA due to the presence of glucosyl residues linked to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine within the large groove. The binding of AM to DNA saturated with Nt or with the analogue of distamycin A (DM2) containing the 2 N-methylpyrrole residues has been investigated by spectrophotometry. The apparent number of binding sites for AM in these 2 complexes is about half as much as observed for free DNA while the saturation level of the binding decreased only by about 20%. This proves simultaneous presence of AM and Nt (DM2) within the narrow groove of DNA.


[Cerebral vasospasm and vasoactive amines (author's transl)]. The management of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm is complicated by an apparently irreducible and unmanageable morbidity that can be traced directly to cerebral vasoconstriction. Technical skills required to attack aneurysms successfully have been mastered by many surgeons. Vasospasm, on the other hand, remains a challenge and has yet to respond to any practical modality of treatment. Spasm of the basilar artery in the dog was induced by the injection of blood into the cisterna magna, and documented by means of vertebral angiography. The author, also, described the modification of experimental cerebral vasospasm by the administration of reserpine to deplete platelets of serotonin as well as other vasoactive amines such as histamine and catecholamines.


[An autopsy case of pinealoma treated by irradiation about four years ago (author's transl)]. The patient was a thirty years old male, who was diagnosed as having pineal body tumors in June,1969, and treated by irradiation after a ventriculo-atrial shunt operation. He recovered well, and participated in some simple work. In May 1972, he suddenly had convulsions followed by incontinence, and he became nearly apallic. Neuroradiological examinations revealed the presence of left frontal tumor, which was removed, on June 22, 1972. Histological examinations of the tumor proved to be pinealoma of two-cell pattern. Though improved slightly after operation, he became apallic again, developed pneumonia, and died on February 22, 1973.


[Intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen-a case report (author's transl)]. This report is a case of intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen. A 21-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, nausea, tinnitus on the left and deafness on the left. The neurological examination revelaed bilateral choked disc, Bruns Cushing nystagmus, hearing disturbance on the left, slight disturbance of vestibular function on the left, diminished gag reflex on the left, curtain sign on the left, loss of taste on the posterior third of the left side of the tongue, and deviation of the tongue to the left on protrusion, accompanied with atrophy and fasciculation on the left. Skull-XP showed the enlargement of the jugular foramen. Pneumoencephalogram showed the enlargement of the fourth ventricle combined with the superior, posterior displacement of it's floor. We confirmed the diagnosis of the jugular foramen neurinoma on the left. By suboccipital craniectomy a walnutsized tumor was disclosed at the jugular foramen. The tumor was encapsuled with smooth, thick capsule and was colored in dark rouge. This tumor was removed totally and the postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was neurinoma. We consider that this tumor originated in the ninth or tenth cranial nerve.


[Hypothalamic tumor associated with precocious puberty-a case report (author's transl)]. When the patient was about five years old, his mother noted macropenis, and when he was six years and 3 months old, he was brought to this department with complaints of anorexia and cachexia. The examination at the time of admission revealed separation of the cranial sutures and bilateral optic atrophy. As shown in table 1, no remarkable abnormal findings were seen in the laboratory data. A giant tumor was detected in the suprasellar midline by neuroradiological examination. Instead of radical surgery for this tumor, a needle biopsy was performed with subsequent shunting operation and radiation therapy. The various clinical symptoms improved and he was discharged.


The effect of an acute light cycle change on adrenal rhythmicity in prepubertal rats. 24 and 28 day old rats, raised in a 14 h light: 10 h dark (14:10) cycle, showed a clear serum corticosterone (B) peak at the beginning of the dark period (18.00 h) with an amplitude of 25-30 mug%. Other B values during the 24 h period were lower (9-12 mug%). Rats raised in a 8.5:15.5 cycle had a B peak (after onset of the dark period, at 22.00 h). Rats raised in constant light (LL) showed no variation in B throughout the 24 h. Weanling rats raised in a 8.5:15.5 cycle appeared to synchronize more rapidly to a 14:10 cycle than did rats raised in LL. When placed in LL at weaning, rats raised either in 14:10 or 8.5:15.5 had lost their periodicity by day 24. When rats raised in 8.5:15.5 were shifted to LL or 14:10 after weaning age (day 24), the pattern of response was different. One day after the shift, rats placed in a 14:10 cycle displayed a pattern of B synchronized to the normal 14:10 pattern for rats born and raised in that light cycle. This synchrony persisted for at least 3 days. Rats placed in 14:10 at 21 days of age did not show a fully synchronized pattern until day 28. It can be concluded that weanling rats exposed to a light-dark cycle adapt quickly to a new light cycle and that older prepubertal rats shift even more quickly.


Effects of pinealectomy, anosmia and blinding alone or in combination on gonadotropin secretion and pituitary and target gland weight in intact and castrated male rats. Pinealectomy had inconstant effects on serum gonadotropins when blood samples were taken during the day, however late nocturanal titers of both FSH and LH tended to decline and this decline tended to be reversed by pinealectomy. Either anosmia or blinding elevated nocturnal FSH and had a tendency to elevate nocturnal LH titers- effects which were only inconstantly modified by pinealectomy. Blinding plus anosmia lowered both daytime and nocturnal FSH titers; the lowering of nocturnal levels was reversed by pinealectomy. There was a less pronounced lowering of nocturnal LH titers in these doubly-operated animals and again this was partially reversed by pinealectomy. These changes in gonadotropin titers probably accounted at least in part for the testicular atrophy seen in the doubly-operated animals and its reversal by pinealectomy. Following castration, plasma gonadotropin titers rose in all groups and the final level of FSH attained was highest in the pinealectomized animals. Similarly, final levels of FSH and LH were further increased in castrates by blinding, anosmia or blinding plus anosmia, but these changes were not consistently modified by pinealectomy. At sacrifice of the castrates, pituitary FSH and LH concentrations were not modified by pinealectomy, however they were elevated by anosmia or by the double sensory-deprivation. The atrophy of the seminal vesicles induced by castration was partially prevented by pinealectomy, which suggests that the pineal also exerts a direct inhibitory effect on this accessory organ. Alterations in anterior and posterior pituitary weight were also observed.


Three primary cancers in different organs. In a registry of 24,105 cancers, 15 patients were found to have three primary cancers in different organs. Decreasing time intervals between sequential diagnoses and then death were noted. Occurrence and sequence of cancer sites appeared to be random. Stage of second and third cancers tended, on the average, to be more advanced than those of the first cancers. This study strengthened the hypothesis that patients with primary cancers in different organs are victims of compromised host defenses against cancer.


Familial occurrence of differentiated (non-medullary) thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancers were found in mother and son. The diagnosis was made first in the boy where papillary and follicular cancer with lymph node involvement and lung metastatic dissemination was diagnosed at the age of 9. Treatment by surgery, radioiodine and thyroid hormones was highly effective. 1 year later, thyroid surgery was performed on his mother but the diagnosis of poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer was made only 4 years later when the primary tumour was already unresectable and distant metastases present. In spite of treatment, the disease followed a lethal course in the mother. The familial occurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer is extremely rare and this report is the first where neither previous radiation exposure nor familial colonic polyposis were detected.


The CEA test in urologic cancer: an evaluation and a review. The diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen test was evaluated in 2,029 blood and urine samples from 308 urologic cancer patients, 13 patients with nonurologic cancer, 20 urologic patients with nonmalignant disease, and in 30 controls. The blood CEA test was positive in 50% of patients with active urologic malignancy and in 35% of patients with inactive malignancy. The urine CEA test was elevated only in patients with active bladder cancer but most of these patients had concurrently infected urines. At the present time, the CEA test does not reflect the accuracy necessary for an acceptable diagnostic test for the detection of urologic cancer.


[Determination of protein concentration in cleaving mammalian ova by the capillary spectrophotometry method]. A micromodification of the Lowry's method is described which allows to measure reliably the protein content in 5-20 embryos of white rats and CBA mice. Differences in the protein content in rat embryos at the stages of 2 blastomeres and blastocyst were shown to be statistically unreliable (20.2 +/- 1.4 and 18.9 +/- 1.3 ng, resp.). The protein content in the mouse embryos at the same two stages differs reliably (19.1 +/- 1.1 and 22.0 +/- +/- 1.7 ng, resp.). The protein content in zona pellucida does not differ reliably from those in rat embryos both at the stages of 2 blastomeres (4.5 ng) and blastocyst (2.3 ng). The protein content in embryos devoid of zona pellucida decreased after 3 hours incubation in the medium 199 at 37 degrees at the stages of morula and blastocyst by 17-20% in rats and by 50% in mice. Addition of 1% serum albumin to the incubation medium did not prevent the partial "loss" of protein by the embryos. The protein content in the rat and mouse embryos at the stage of 2 blastomeres suffered no changes under long-term incubation in the medium 199.


Exposure and contamination of the air and employees of a pentachlorophenol plant, Idaho--1972. A pentachlorophenol (PCP) wood treatment plant was studied to determine PCP exposure to people by occupation and to the plant by work area. This plant operates on a year-round basis with a 25 percent increase in production from May through October. Approximately 2.5 million board feet of timber are processed annually. Samples were taken in the morning of the second work week of each month for 5 consecutive months. Samples consisted of serum and urine from the employees and air from locations throughout the plant work area. All samples were analyzed for PCP residue. Peripheral blood was used to culture cells to investigate possible chromosomal aberrations.


[Chylometrorrhea. Clinical manifestation of primary chyle reflux]. Chylometrorrhea may be a manifestation of chylous reflux of great importance when it is the first symptom. The lymphography allows to show the kind of abnormalities: megalymphatics and lymphatics aplasy or hypoplasy. Finally the chirurgical therapeutic of this affection is difficult and must be caution.


[Accidental lithium poisoning in a patient with chronic hemodialysis]. The authors report a case of acute lithium poisoning, of double interest by virtue of its accidental origin and the fact that the patient suffered from chronic uraemia treated by intermittent haemodialysis, without residual diuresis. Neurological involvement consisted of a succession of dysarthria, behaviour disturbance, extra-pyramidal hypertonia and finally coma with respiratory difficulties. A favourable outcome was obtained by daily haemodialysis which made possible the elimination of almost all the lithium introduced into the body.


Spasmoanalgesic properties of 4-propionyl-4--(3-chlorphenyl)-1-[3-(4-methylpiperazine)-propyl (-piperidine)] trihydrochloride. The paper describes the biological activity and pharmacological properties, particularly the spasmolytic and analgesis effects, of newly synthesized 4-propionyl-4-3(3-chlorphenyl)-1-[3-(4-methyl-piperazine)-propyl]-piperidine trihydrochloride (denoted S10).


Central and peripheral action of a new compound: 4-propionyl-4-(3-chlorphyenyl)-1-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-piperidine dihydrochloride (symbol S6). Som pharmalogical properties of a new, biologically active combpound  4-propionyl-4-(3-chlorphenyl)-1-(3'-dimethylaminoprophy)-piperidine dihydrochloride (symbol S6) are presented.


Haloperidol catalepsy in grouped and isolated mice. A method was worked out to assess in a quantitative and dose-dependent way the development of catalepsy of mice after low doses of haloperidol. This method was also capable of detecting the anticataleptic effect of phenytoin and the catalepsy-enhancing effect of nikethamide. After 4 weeks' isolation, the mice became aggressive and revealed increased susceptibility to the cataleptic effect of haloperidol. The analysis of the data indicates that in these experiments altered central mechanisms were more important than changes of the peripheral pharmacokinetics of haloperidol.


Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially-isolated rats. Rats reared from weaning in social isolation made more lever presses than controls on an alternating two-lever DRL schedule of reinforcement, and obtained fewer rewards. Isolates showed an increased tendency both to anticipate reward on the correct lever, and to perseverate on the lever which last gave reward, but their anticipatory deficit was relatively more marked. It is suggested that isolates act as if under an effectively higher level of food motivation. Measurement of home-cage food intake showed that the normal day-time depression of food intake was less marked in isolates than in socially-grouped animals.


Influence of the presence of rams on the timing of ovulation and discharge of LH in ewes. The influence of the presence of the male on the ovulation process was investigated in ewes after oestrus control by progestagens (intravaginal fluorogestone acetate) and PMSG. Permanent contact with the rams throughout oestrus accelerates the ovulation and the appearance of the LH surge. The results suggest that the action of the presence of the male on ovulation is mediated by way of the ovulatory surge of LH.


Changes of brain serotonin and muricide behavior following chronic administration of theophylline in rats. Temporal modification of amygdaloid serotonin (5HT) content and the resultant muricide behavior, compared to isolated and olfactory bulbectomized rats, were studied after chronic theophylline administration. Theophylline raised amygdaloid 5HT after Day 28 and amygdaloid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), its deaminated metabolite, after Day 7. Theophylline applied for 29 days elevated 5HT and 5HIAA in the amygdala, the diencephalon and the brain stem, but not in the cortex. Effects of theophylline were reduced latency and maintained tendency to kill, even after overnight muricide test. The 5HT content of the amygdala decreased in bulbectomized rats. Discrepancy between brain 5HT changes and aggressive behavior were discussed.


[The functional role of the posterior hypothalamic field in realizing the responses of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in rabbits]. The role played by the area of the posterior hypothalamic field in the realization of reactions of the hypophysis-adrenal system in rabbits in response to the stimuli of various nature was studied. Bilateral electrolytic damage of the area under study, without causing any significant changes in the concentration of 11-OCS of the plasma at rest, led to the statistically significant intensification of the hormonal shifts in response to the immobilization, administration of ethinizol and horse serum. Control injries in the preoptic area caused no changes of this kind, and in case of the horse serum led to reverse shifts. The data obtained permitted a conclusion to be drawn that, along with mosaicity of the neuronal structures of the hypothalamus responsible for the hypophysis-adrenal system function individual zones could possess some specific effects, this being expressed in macroinjuries.


[Diagnostic value of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood lactate quotient in mental disorders in elderly persons]. The lactate levels of cerebrospinal fluid and blood were measured enzymatically and simultaneously in 40 gero-psychiatric patients. After calculating the fluid-blood-lactate-quotients, two distinct groups emerged, whose mean quotients showed significant difference. In the first group (15 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.06, the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis was clinically confirmed in only one case. In the second group (21 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.42, however, this occurred sixteen times, which represents a proportion of 2/3. Thus, it appears that a higher quotient suggests the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Further examinations are though necessary.


[Various cases of calcinosis].

[Various cases of calcinosis]. The authors report seven cases of calcinosis, two of which were intravenous (phlebolithiasis) and five subcutaneous. Radiography of the soft tissues revealed in some cases a truly calcareous shealth, the size of which would not have been suspected from a clinical examination. Extensive calcification may be surprisingly well tolerated and results only in torpid ulceration that heals with simple conservative methods. On the other hand, pain and secondary infections may necessitate surgical resection of the calcareous plaques after arteriography.


[Relations between mental deficinency and infanticide for "honoris causa"]. After giving hints about the world-wide spreading of infanticide and the factors affecting it, the Author examines causes and imputability. The psychological habitual and exceptional features of the infant-murder are considered in view of the so-called "honoris causa". It would result that a poor mental ability, a particular mood, the fear of disgrace generally are disregarded before the fundamental ethical inferiority. The Author does not agree upon an over benevolente valuation of the many cases where the moral immaturity is determinant, according to law rules which do not make the imputability depend on the ethical evaluation of ene's action; and for mental insufficiency, the decrease in one's responsability is maintained as justifiable not on the light of au honour motive but of mental ill-health.


[Influence of nutrition on hormone secretion. II. Study in Ribeirão, Pernambuco, Brazil (author's transl)]. 1. Ten children from Ribeirão of both sexes, aged 1 to 6 years, suffering from 2nd and 3rd degree malnutrition were studied. The mean circulating growth hormone levels were significantly higher in both groups before dietary therapy, but the highest values were found in children with 3rd degree malnutrition. It was demonstrated that serum growth hormone levels were significantly related to the severity of malnutrition. A positive correlation was found between the nutritional status and the growth hormone levels. 2. The mean circulating insulin levels were lower before dietary therapy, but a significant correlation was not noted between the nutritional status and the insulin levels. 3. After the dietary therapy the hormone levels progressively returned to normal. These children showed a better recovery than those of the previous study, Agua Preta. This observation may be due to the active participation of the mothers in the nutritional recuperation of their children.


[Mucoid pseudo-cysts of the sheath of the external popliteal sciatic nerve. Apropos of 2 cases]. Two cases of paralysis of the etxernal popliteal sciatic nerve are described. They are secondary to the development of a pseudo-cyst containing mucoid matter within the connective tissue sheath of the nerve itself. The authors describe the pathological anatomy of these lesions and discuss their aetiology, favouring the theory of mucoid degeneration of the connective tissues of the nerve sheath. They give brief indication of the clinical symptoms and emphasize the need for early but simplified surgery, ruling out any nerve resection.


[Materno-fetal acid-base equilibrium evaluation in parturients submitted to ketamine anesthesia (author's transl)]. In the present work ketamine was used as anesthetic during the labor in order to evaluate the effect of this anesthetic on the binominal fetus-mother. Two groups of parturients and their fetuses, were studied: 1) The experimental group, with 22 parturients and their fetuses submitted to ketamine anesthesia during the labord, and 2) The control group, with 20 parturients and their fetuses without any analgesic treatment during the labor. In 20 cases of the experimental group the anesthetic was injected during the delivery labor and the other two just before it. It were evaluated in the mother's blood the biochemical parameters of the acid-base balance and others collateral effects of the anesthesia; on the fetus's side the same parameters also and the cardiac frequency. The newborn were evaluated by Apgar Score during the first and fifth minutes of life. The incidence of the spontaneous delivery in the experimental group, was 78%; in 22% of these patients the forceps of relief was used. In 22 cases in which Ketamine was applied it were observed, the following events: elevation of the blood pressure (50%), perineum rigidness (18%), dreams and or hallucinations (18%), increase of the cardiac frequency (9%), apneia (4%) and nausea (4%). It was also observed an increase of uterine tonus an abolishment of abdominal press during the delivery labor, studied through the uterine electromyography register. It was noted after the Ketamine application a fall in the pH of the maternal peripherical venous blood, fetal skull blood and the pH of the blood of the umbilical vein. 22% of the newborns, from the experimental group, presented a depression in the first minute of life (Apgar less than or equals to 6). The pCO2 values in the blood of the umbilical artery were higher in the experimental group than in the control one.


The role of the digital synovial sheath in tendon grafting. An experimental and clinical study on autologous tendon grafting in the digit. The mechanism of healing of a free tendon graft and also the role played by the synovial sheath is still obscure and debated. In the present study an effort is made to further elucidate these problems. In rabbits and dogs an experimental model was developed where a free tendon graft would be nourished by synovial fluid only. Macroscopically the grafts remained smooth, white and glistening without vascular ingrowth or adhesions during an observation period of 12 weeks. By histological and histochemical techniques the grafts as a whole were found viable up to 3 weeks. In a clinical series of 40 free flexor tendon grafts within the digital area as much as possible of the tendon sheath was preserved during grafting. The functional recovery was generally very good. The best results were obtained in those cases where most of the tendon sheath was preserved during grafting. The functional recovery was generally very good. The best results were obtained in those cases where most of the tendon sheath was preserved. No signs of defective graft survival were observed. Based on both experimental and clinical results from the present study it is concluded that there is no reason to excise the remaining tendon sheath within the critical zone in the digits. On the contrary preservation of the sheath contributes to survival of the graft and helps maintaining the integrity of gliding surfaces with maximal functional restoration and minimal formation of adhesions.


Isolated lesions of the radio-ulnar disk treated with excision. Twelve patients with isolated lesions in the radio-ulnar disk are reviewed. In the traumatic cases, where peripheral ruptures were found at operation, the results after excision were satisfactory, whereas patients with no evident traumatic etiology, where a degenerated disk was found, did not benefit from the excision. Resection of capitulum ulnae is recommended in such cases.


ABO blood groups and isoagglutinins in systemic lupus erythematosus. In 45 patients with SLE the frequency of groups B and AB exceeded that of the controls, the difference reaching the double of the standard error. The isoagglutinin titers were quite similar in the two series. There was no association of the disease with the frequency of the secretor type nor with the quantity of group substances or isoagglutinins present in saliva and urine. The isoagglutinin titers in the sera of non-secretors were low.


The influence of psychological factors and an early hospital follow-up on return to work after first myocardial infarction. The factors influencing the return to work following first myocardial infarction were studied in 112 male patients, all of whom had previously been fully employed. Delay in return to work within 4 months of discharge from hospital was seen in patients who were not given an early hospital follow-up appointment and in those who attibuted their illness to aspects of their work. Encouragement by the General Practitioner to resume employment was found to be essential if an unnecessary delay was to be avoided. Positive advice of this nature was given more frequently by General Practitioners whose patients had been seen at early hospital review. Age, a tendency to neuroticism, personal knowledge of how others had fared following a similar illness, and apparent benefit from sick payments did not appear to influence the rate of return to work.


[Bilateral traumatic paralysis of the abducent nerves]. Two cases of bilateral traumatic abducens palsy are reported. The onset of the ocular symptomatology, several hours after the head injury, suggests a possible involvement of the branches of the meningeal dorsal artery supplying the extradural trait of the 6th cranial nerve.


[Perinatally acquired thombocytopenias in the newborn infant]. The neonatal thrombocytopenias (TP) can be classified into congenital (i.e. inherited), connatal (i.e. acquired in utero), perinatal and postnatal forms. In the following survey, only the perinatal TP are considered in detail. These arise from transit of immune antibodies or coagulation-activating material across the placenta or from hypoxia due to placental insufficiency. The auto- and isoimmune TP are illustrated by relevant clinical observations. The existence of a platelet deficiency is not a rarity in newborns or in high-risk infants. If is often an important leading symptom for a side range of different conditions.


Antimitotic activity of the potent tumor inhibitor maytansine. Maytansine, at 6x10(-8)M, irreversibly inhibits cell division in eggs of sea urchins and clams. It causes the disappearance of a mitotic apparatus or prevents one from forming if added at early stages. Maytansine does not affect formation of the mitotic organizing center but does inhibit in vitro polymerization of tubulin. Maytansine and vincristine inhibit in vitro polymerization of tubulin at about the same concentrations, but vincristine is about 100 times less effective as an inhibitor of cleavage in marine eggs.


Scanning electron microscopy of hookworms. 2. Adult of arthrostoma longspiculum (Maplestone, 1931). The surface structures of adult Arthrostoma longespiculum were studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. In the mouth opening, a pair of ventral cutting plates was present; each was semilunar, thick and rounded at the inner edge. Cervical papillae were paired, small and sharp. The vulvar papilla was a single, round, wart-like projection adjacent to the vulva.


Biology of the snail-killing fly, Sepedon spangleri Beaver (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). I. Life history. One complete generation of the sciomyzid fly, S. spangleri, was on the average 27.90 days at 25 +/- 3 degrees C. The egg stage lasted 3.55 days. The first, second and third instar larvae lasted 4.35, 2.95 and 4.45 respectively when fed with live snails, Australorbis glabratus. Pupae floated on the water surface for 8 days until they emerged as adults. The longevity of adults fed with crushed snails, dried milk, brewer's yeast and honey average 199.95 days for females and 136.80 days for males. Under these conditions the average number of eggs laid per female was 414.70.


A study of current infant feeding practices in rural North Malaysia as a basis for determining needs in nutrition education. In a study of infant feeding practices in 95 infants aged three months and six months in the rural, predominantly Malay district of Kubang Pasu, which is recently undergoing rapid economic development consequent on the introduction of improved agricultural techniques in rice farming, it was found that approximately 75% of infants in both age groups were wholly or partially breast fed, modified powered milk being the milk food of most of the others. Semisolids were introduced early in the form of commercial prepacked cereals. It is suggested that medical officers of health recognising local socioeconomic and cultural changes that might affect health behavior can initiate simple studies of this type to identify local needs in health education. In circumstances such as this where a still popular beneficial traditional practice like breast feeding might be at risk of losing popularity in the face of socioeconomic development in the community it is suggested that the most useful educational effort regarding infant nutrition would be to preserve breast feeding.


Seroreactivity to syphilis in Malaysian blood donors and expectant mothers. Seroreactivity to syphilis is high among Malaysian blood donors and expectant mothers indicating a high degree of treponemal infection. Further epidemiological studies are required to ascertain what proportion of these could be syphilis and what porportion yaws. Blood donors hava a higher reactivity rate than expectant mothers, the reasons probably being soical. The titres obtained in the VDRL test appear to have a relation to FTA-ABS reactivity although this is not to say treponematosis can be excluded on the basis of low titre VDRL results.


The circumoval precipitin test in early experimental schistosomiasis japonica. The time of the appearance of circumoval precipitins by testing weekly blood samples of rabbits infected with light, moderate and heavy doses of cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum as well as their titers were determined. In heavy infections, circumoval precupitins appeared as early as the end of the 4th week or 28th day after cercarial penetration while the appearance of detectable levels in light infections was delayed only up to the 7th week after infection. In view of these observations, the circumoval precipitin test should be used for detection of early schistosomal infection before eggs are demonstrable in the faeces.


Bronchopulmonary carcinosarcoma.

Bronchopulmonary carcinosarcoma. Carcinosarcoma accounted for 0.27% of nearly 3000 lung cancers examined in this department. All the patients were men aged between 44 and 62 years, and a majority of the tumours occurred in the left lung. Three patients died within six months of lung resection and in each case a postmortem examination was performed. In seven the carcinomatous component was a squamous-celled growth, and in one columnar-celled; the histology of the sarcomatous element varied. Carcinosarcomas form a distinct group of malignant lung tumours. In five cases sarcomatous transformation of the stroma had occurred and was considered to be the usual means by which the mixed type of growth arises. The other three were considered to be "collision" tumours. Carcinomatous metastases without sarcomatous change were seen in lymph nodes in three cases, and in three fatal cases sarcomatous tumour had recurred.


[Cultivation of reovirus in human embryonic organ cultures]. Human embryo lung and intestine organ cultures were infected with reovirus type 3 isolated from the lungs of a newborn baby. In the lung organ culture the virus multiplied quite intensively producing in the bronchi characteristic 4-6 nuclei cells.


[Evaluation of arbovirus attenuation by changes in the histamine level in the blood of immunized animals]. Changes in the content of histamine in the blood of rabbits inoculated with pathogenic and attenuated strains of tick-borne encephalitis, eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses were studied. Pathogenic strains of the test viruses were found to produce much greater increases in histamine concentration in the blood of animals than attenuated strains. This index is suggested to be used for additional characterization of arbovirus attenuation.


[Total AV-block in pediatric cardiology]. This study presents the clinical aspects as well as the therapy and prognosis of complete atrioventricular block in childhood. Our own experience is based on the case histories of 12 children with congenital complete AV block, six of them having additional heart disease and of 14 children with acquired AV block, which appeared in 10 of these children already during operation or up to 5 5/12 years after surgery.


[The clinical value of the cortisol secretion rate determination in paediatric endocrinology (author's transl)]. The cortisol secretion rate was determined in 18 children according to a modified and simplified method. In 7 cases the determination was repeated after stimulation with synthetic ACTH. 12 of these children suffered from diseases which may affect glucocorticoidsteroid production and the remaining 6 children served as normal controls. In some cases the plasma 11-hydrocorticoid level and urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids were additionally determined. Differences in adrenal function were noted in 2 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (one of the salt-losing type, the other nonsalt-losing type) and 5 patients with adrenal insufficiency. A normal cortisol secretion rate was found in 3 children with diverse disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as in a child with subtotal adrenalectomy. The clinical value of the determination of the cortisol secretion rate is discussed and was found to be a more reliable indicator of glucocorticoid activity than other parameters.


[Dependence of immune cytolysis of cells infected with western equine encephalomyelitis virus upon the cell cycle stages]. In the first few hours after inoculation of Chinese hamster cells with western equine encephalomyelitis virus the mitotic activity of the cells did not change significantly but mitoses stopped mainly in the stage of metaphase and had all signs of pathological mitoses. Treatment of the cells for 1 hour with the homologous antiviral immune serum and complement resulted in destruction and death of practically all cells except those in the state of mitosis. In the latter specific fluorescence of virus antigen was demonstrated by the fluorescent antibody technique same as before treatment with the homologous immune serum and complement. Resistance of mitoses to immune cytolysis is probably conducive to virus persistence.


[Induction of leukemia in Rauscher virus-resistant mice by mixed infection with M. arthritidis and Rauscher virus]. At 2-10 months after combined infection with Rauscher virus and M. arthritidis of mice (C57BL/6XA/He)F1 resistant to this virus 14 out of 23 animals developed leukemia morphologically identical to Rauscher leukemia induced in sensitive mice. In control groups of similar animals infected with virus alone or mycoplasma alone not a single case of leukemia developed. As a result of serial intraperitoneal passages in syngeneic mice of cells of leukemias primarily induced by mixed mycoplasma-virus infection 3 transplantable leukemia strains were obtained the cytological picture of which was similar with the original. Upon intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculations of leukemic cells generalized leukemia develops as well as a local transplant under the skin or in the abdominal wall at the site of needle puncture.


[Radiotherapy of ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. The difficulties of early diagnosis and therapeutic management of ovarian carcinoma are discussed. Large-field irradiation of the abdomen in stage II and III cases with Co-60 screen and pendular irradiation significantly improves the survival rate of the patients. In these cases radical operation combined with intensive postoperative irradiation with Co-60 gamma-rays is considered to be the treatment of choice. Above all, a focal dose of 6000 rad, which can be attained during inpatient treatment, leads to a marked improvement in the results.


[Radiotherapy under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen tension in a case of stage IV carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. A case report is given of bilateral renal obstruction, uraemia and anaemia in a patient with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by Wertheim hysterectomy with bilateral tumour recurrence in the true pelvis. Combined therapeutic management - medical, urological and radiotherapeutic - brought about complete symptomatic improvement and clinical recovery of renal function. The significance of radiotherapy with ultra-hard photons under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen tension is stressed.


[Study of formation of amantidine and rimantidine resistant variants of influenza A2 subtype virus]. Passages of influenza A2/Hong Kong/68 in developing chick embryos in the presence of amantadine and rimantadine were carried out and demonstrated rapid development of a resistant virus line under these conditions. Changes in the sensitivity of the virus to the drug were due to selection of resistant particles from genetically inhomogenous original virus strain. The rate of formation of the resistant population was shown to be clearly dependent upon the amount of amantadine inoculated into embryos. The resulting resistant lines retained this property throughout multiple virus passages in embryos without the drug. These biological and antigenic properties of the resulting variants did not differ from those of the initial A2/Hong Kong/68 strain.


[Modification of the indirect hemagglutination test for rapid detection and identification of arbovirus antigens in brain suspensions from infected suckling mice]. It has been found possible to use erythrocytes sensitized by antibody from immune ascitic fluids of white mice for detection and identification of arbovirus antigens in suspensions of brains from infected suckling mice. Nonspecific agglutination of sensitized erythrocytes by animal brain suspensions could be eliminated considerably by increasing NaCl concentration in the reaction ingredient mixture pu to 1.3 M. Specific hemagglutination by the virus antigens present in the brain suspensions was retained. The diagnostic titer of the test was 1:8. Preliminary addition of homologous immune globulin to the antigenic material specifically inhibited agglutination of sensitized erythrocytes.


[Isoenzymes of lactate and malate dehydrogenases in nuclei of rat embryo fibroblasts infected with oncogenic adenovirus type 12]. The isoenzymatic spectrum of lactatedehydrogenase (LDG; L-lactate: NAD-oxireductase; EC 1.1.1.27) and malatedehydrogenase (MDG; 1-malate: NAD-oxireductase; EC 1.1.1.37) in nuclei of rat embryo fibroblast cells infected with adenovirus type 12 was studied at 3, 5, 8, 18 and 24 days of cultivation. The nuclei were isolated according to the method of Showo et al. modified by Zbarsky and Georgiev. Proteins were fractionated by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. In the course of oncovirus-cell interaction three LDG isoenzymes were detected. Changes in the isoenzymatic spectrum of LDG were manifested in increased activity of LDG1 at 5 days after virus penetration into the cell. Partial morphological transformation at 18 days after infection was accompanied by increased activity of LDG1 and LDG2. The morphologically transformed culture was characterised by reduced LDG1 activity. Changes in the spectrum of MDG isoenzymes were detected at 3 days after addition of A-12 virus into the culture. At 24 days postinfection activity of MDG3 was definitely changed in nuclei of REF cells infected with A-12 virus. The revealed disorders in regulation of synthesis of individual isoenzymes are probably due to the epigenomic effect of oncovirus and may be used as indications of tissue culture malignization.


[Wertheim's radical operation with vaginal reconstruction by means of the signoid colon in young women (author's transl)]. Brief mention is made of previous attempts at the formation of an artificial vagina after Wertheim's operation with amnion and freely-transplanted omentum, which did not, however, yield good long-term results. This paper deals with a technique of artificial vaginal reconstruction by means of a stalked segment of the sigma, immediately after completion of the Wertheim procedure, as described and recommended by Novak, Ljubjana. Six women aged from 30 to 33 years have been operated on by this procedure. A follow-up examination one year after the operation revealed an excellent result, because all patients had normal intercourse without any difficulty. Hence this technique of operation is recommended in young women with cancer of the cervix.


[Modern results and old-established methods in obstetrics (author's transl)]. More than 20.000 obstetric cases were attended to during the years 1965 to 1974 at the Semmelweis-Klinik in Vienna. The perinatal maternal mortality rate was 0.1% and the perinatal infant mortality rate was finally 15%. The cases were treated according to oldfashioned obstetric principles. Hence, although the more modern obstetric methods might be of some scientific value, their importance appears to have been overestimated from a practical point of view. A return to the conscientious implementation of simple, long-established methods of pernatal care appears to be called for, even with the most modern monitoring machines at hand.


[To the x-ray examination during the pregnancy (author's transl)]. A survey is given of the indications for the x-ray examinations of pregnant women with regard of other possibilities for instance the echography, thermography and radioisotopes. On the basis of our examinations and experiences a x-ray examination after the 5. month of pregnancy is practicable without any risk.


[The problem of prognostication in disturbed pregnancies (author's transl)]. A semiquantitative immunological GCG determination was carried out in the urines of 186 patients with the diagnosis abortus imminens. For prognosis of the further course of pregnancy the patients were subdivided into various groups according to the results of the HCG determination. In the group IV with primary positive immunological tests up to titres of 1:8 and higher with constant of even increasing titres in control test 87% of the patients were able to carry to a full term, only in 13% an abortus took place. In the group with the lowest and more over falling titres 100% abortus occurred. No conclusions as to the therapy are drawn on the basis of the here presented results.


[The cooperation of paediatrician and dentist in the field of nutrition as a prophylactic measure in the achievement of dental health in children (author's transl)]. The value of cooperation between the paediatrician and the dentist in the field of nutrition and dietary instruction to maintain the health of children's dentition is stressed. The influence of the diet on the development of the dentition and the role of carbohydrates in the production of caries and parodontic disease is discussed. Proper education in nutrition is necessary and guide lines are recommended for a diet which is effective in caries prophylaxis.


[Obstetric problems specific to rural practice (author's transl)]. Certain obstetric problems which are peculiar to rural districts and are only rarely encountered in urban centres are discussed in this report on the basis of 1184 deliveries at a district hospital. The high age number of grand multiparae are particularly striking findings. Antenatal care is often inadequate-33.3% of all women had not consulted an obstetrician during the entire pregnancy. Attention is drawn to the relatively high incidence of home deliveries and the deplorable lack of information of the rural population with regard to all problems concerning pregnancy and delivery.


[Incidence of tuberculosis and BCG inoculation (author's transl)]. The incidence of tuberculosis in childhood has declined throughout the world during the last decades. It is difficult to evaluate the role of BCG inoculation in achieving a decrease in incidence of the disease. The practice of administering BCG to children in general is thus a matter which is still under discussion and in which unanimity has not yet been achieved. However, it is generally agreed to recommend BCG inoculation in areas with a high incidence of active cases. This study was initiated in order to elicit the necessity of BCG inoculation in the city of Graz and, more widely, in the province of Styria (Austria). The incidence of active tuberculosis was investigated in children and adults over the past 12 years period. The incidence of active tuberculosis in children proved to be higher in rural areas than in Graz. The incidence of active tuberculosis in adults showed only a slight decrease during this 12-year period, the decrease being definitely more pronounced in Graz than in the rural areas. Considering the incidence rates of active tuberculosis it is advisable to continue BCG inoculation in infants and children, not only in the rural areas of Styria, but also in the city of Graz.