Wickford, Rhode Island
Village in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, US
Wickford is a small village in the town of North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, which is named after Wickford in Essex, England. Wickford is located on the western side of Narragansett Bay, just about a 20-minute drive across two bridges from Newport, Rhode Island. The village is built around one of the most well-protected natural harbors on the eastern seaboard, and features one of the largest collections of 18th century dwellings to be found anywhere in the Northeast. Today, the majority of the village's historic homes and buildings (most in private hands) remain largely intact upon their original foundations.
History.
Wickford is generally said to have been settled around 1637, when theologian and Rhode Island state founder Roger Williams bought a parcel of land from sachem Canonicus and established a trading post there. Prior to European contact, the lands in and around Wickford had long served as dwelling, fishing, and hunting grounds to the Narragansett people, who were one of New England's more powerful and prominent tribes at the time when Williams found his way to their shores.
Richard Smith established a trading post on Narragansett Bay near the mouth of Cocumscussoc Brook at about the same time as Williams' purchase. He was a Puritan from Gloucester, England who had originally settled in the Plymouth Colony's town of Taunton. In 1637, he built what appears to have been a rather grand, gabled house on the site, which Williams described in his letters as the first English house in the area. This house was also heavily fortified, and thus became known as "Smith's Castle".
During 1651, Smith purchased Roger Williams' trading post, and continued expanding his holdings over the years, building what came to be called the "Cocumscussoc Plantation". His plantation became a center of social, religious, and political life in the area. During King Philip's War, the only incident of an individual being hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason on American soil took place at Smith's Castle in 1676. Joshua Tefft was executed by this method, an English colonist accused of having fought on the side of the Narragansetts during the Great Swamp Fight.
During King Philip's War, many of the homes were destroyed that had been built during this brief period of expansion. One of the homes that went was Smith's Castle, which was burned to the ground in 1676. Two years later, Richard Smith Jr. built a new home on the old foundation, retaining the name "Smith's Castle". This structure remains standing today and is one of the area's most visited historic sites.
Following King Philip's War, Wickford grew steadily as a port and shipbuilding center. To this day, the waterfront remains very active. Captain Lodowick Updike developed much of the early village between 1709–1715 after inheriting the land in 1692 from his grandfather Richard Smith, owner of Smith's Castle and the surrounding lands. The village was often interchangeably called "Updike's New Town" or "Wickford" in honor of the English home town of the wife of Governor John Winthrop of Connecticut. In 1707, the Old Narragansett Church was founded in downtown Wickford, and survives as the oldest Episcopal church building in the northeastern United States. The British military attempted to raid Wickford during the American Revolution in 1776, but the "Wickford gun" was used to thwart the invading British expedition, a single cannon commissioned by the General Assembly for the town to defend itself. Later, the gun was taken to Point Judith, despite local Tories' attempts to disarm the weapon. There it was used to force a British ship to surrender its crew. The prisoners were removed to Providence.
In the 1800s, the Washington Academy was established as a crucial institution to meet the growing need for public education. Founded in North Kingstown, with contributions from leaders in Providence and Newport, this academy aimed to train young men as educators. Samuel Elam, a prominent businessman from New York and Newport, served as its first president. He maintained a summer estate near the small mill village of Annaquatucket in North Kingstown.
The prosperity of Wickford began to decline when it was bypassed by the Providence and Stonington Railroad in the late 1830s. Additionally, a shipping dispute with Providence, fueled by exorbitant wharfage prices set by waterfront property owners, deterred major trading companies like Brown & Ives from utilizing Wickford.
The revitalization of Wickford commenced with the construction of the Sea View Trolley Line about two decades later. Wealthy Narragansett casino owners, eager to facilitate access to their resorts and beaches, largely funded this initiative, following the success of the Newport Line.
Notable residents.
In 1755, painter Gilbert Stuart was born in Saunderstown, a village to the south of Wickford, in a snuff-mill that still stands and is open to the public in season. Other famous residents have included novelist Owen Wister, who for decades summered in a home just to the south of the village. Wickford was also home to Paule Stetson Loring, artist for "Yachting" magazine and other publications, and longtime editorial page cartoonist for "The Providence Journal". A popular urban legend maintains that novelist John Updike hailed originally from Wickford—but this is not the case. Updike was born and raised in Pennsylvania. Updike did, however, use Wickford as the model for the fictional village of Eastwick in his novel, "The Witches of Eastwick" (Knopf: 1984). (Nevertheless, a branch of the Updike, or Op Den Dyck, family was among the first settling families of Wickford; the original village was at one time called "Updike's Newtown". The descendants of Richard Smith and Lodowick Updike intermarried and the Updikes were residents of Smith's Castle in the colonial era.) Christian leader Joshua V. Himes grew up in Wickford.
Wickford Art Festival.
The Wickford Art Festival—held in July of every year since 1962 and hosted by the Wickford Art Association—is one of the leading such events on the eastern seaboard, attracting hundreds of prominent artists and thousands of spectators from across the country and around the world.
References.
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North Kingstown, Rhode Island
North Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States, and is part of the Providence metropolitan area. The population was 27,732 in the 2020 census. North Kingstown is home to the birthplace of American portraitist Gilbert Stuart, who was born in the village of Saunderstown. Within the town is Quonset Point, location of the former Naval Air Station Quonset Point, known for the invention of the Quonset hut, as well as the historic village of Wickford.
History.
The area was first settled by Roger Williams and Richard Smith who set up trading posts near Wickford where Smith's Castle is today. The town of Kings Towne was founded in 1674, by the colonial government, and included the present day towns of North Kingstown, South Kingstown, Exeter, and Narragansett. In 1723, Kings Towne was split into two parts, North Kingstown and South Kingstown, with North Kingstown, having the earliest settlements, retaining the 1674 establishment date. In 1742, the town of Exeter was taken from the western part of North Kingstown.
On September 17, 2024, the National Park Service announced that North Kingstown was named a World War II Heritage City.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (25.28%) is water. It is bordered on the east by Narragansett Bay.
Demographics.
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As of the 2020 census, there were 27,732 people and 11,338 households in the town. The population density was . There were 12,189 housing units in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 89.59% White, 1.27% African American, 0.57% American Indian/Alaska Native, 1.90% Asian, 1.19% from some other race other races, and 5.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.65% of the population.
There were 11,338 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 23.6% had a female householder with no spouse present and 14.2% had a male householder with no spouse present. 11.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years.
The median income for a household in the town was $120,565, and the median income for a family was $144,898. The per capita income for the town was $61,280. About 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation.
Wickford Junction is a terminus station on the Providence/Stoughton Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail, providing weekday train service to Providence Station and Boston's South Station. At 63 miles from Boston, it is the most distant station in the MBTA's 135-station commuter-rail network, and the only one in its most expensive fare zone.
RIPTA also services in the town inbound to Providence and outbound to Narragansett or Newport.
North Kingstown is also served by a passenger ferry connecting to the island of Martha's Vineyard.
Education.
North Kingstown School Department is the municipal school district. It operates North Kingstown High School.
Other National Historic Places in North Kingstown.
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Wickford
Town and civil parish in Essex, England
Wickford is a town and civil parish in the south of the English county of Essex, with a population of 33,486. Located approximately 30 miles (50 km) east of London, it is within the Borough of Basildon along with the original town of Basildon, Billericay, Laindon and Pitsea.
Wickford has a main high street which includes a wide range of shops. It also has a swimming pool, library, open-air market and a community centre within the vicinity of the town centre.
History.
Wickford has a history going back over two thousand years. There is evidence that the area itself was inhabited in prehistoric times probably by a tribe of Britons called Trinovantes. There was a Roman military marching camp on the Beauchamps Farm site, which was succeeded by a Roman villa. This is now the site of Beauchamps High School. This area on higher ground was the historic core of Wickford, the site of the manor house and the parish church of St Catherine's. Over time, the commercial centre of Wickford has migrated westwards towards the modern High Street on the other side of the River Crouch.
The place name 'Wickford' is first attested in a Saxon charter of 995, where it appears as "Wicford"; it appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Wincfort". The name means 'ford by a wych elm or ford by a dairy-farm'.
Before the 20th century, Wickford was an agricultural village. At the time of the Domesday Survey, six land-holders were recorded. Historically, there have been only two considerable estates in Wickford: the manor of Wickford Hall and the manor of Stilemans. Robert Wikeford or de Wickford (c.1320–90), Archbishop of Dublin, was born in Wickford and his family are thought to have been Lords of the Manor of Wickford Hall.
Governance.
Wickford was an ancient parish in the county of Essex and, from 1894, had a parish council. In 1934, the parish council was abolished when the town became part of Billericay Urban District. The civil parish was re-created on 1 April 2022. The first town councillors took office following an uncontested election in May 2022, and the council held its first meeting on 16 May 2022 at the Wick Community Centre.
American relations.
The village of Wickford in Rhode Island, United States, is believed to have been named after this town.
Wickford was also the English birthplace of Elizabeth Reade (1615–72), the second wife of John Winthrop the Younger (1606–76), Governor of Connecticut; she was also a step-daughter of Hugh Peter (1598–1660), a prominent supporter of the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War.
Naturism.
Wickford became the birthplace of Naturism in the United Kingdom; in 1924, the English Gymnosophist Society was formed and had its home in the town.
Second World War.
During the Second World War, the edge of the town was hit by a German doodlebug and, on 6 December 1944, a V-2 rocket fell in Branksome Avenue, about a mile west of the town centre. Around the town, in amongst the hedgerows and fields, there are numerous pillboxes constructed as a part of British anti-invasion preparations.
1958 flood.
In 1958, Wickford town centre was hit by a flood which made national news headlines. The most striking image of the flood was a double-decker bus, left stranded at Halls Corner overnight, partly submerged by the floodwater. A second flood, in 1960, meant that changes were made to the course of the River Crouch; this included turning the river into a concrete channel through the centre of the town, although this may be removed in the coming years, depending on the scale of the Wickford Masterplan (see below).
Geography.
For the most part, Wickford is flat and above sea level. The highest point, on the outskirts of the town, is above sea level. The River Crouch flows through the town, from the west to the east. The River Wick flows into the River Crouch from the south.
The built-up area of Wickford extends into the neighbouring parishes of Runwell to the north and Shotgate to the east.
Wick Country Park.
The Wick Country Park comprises of former agricultural land, with over 2 km (1 1/4 miles) of easy access trails around the site. The trails leads visitors past old hedgerows, the lake, ponds, World War II pillboxes and recent woodland plantings; bridges and boardwalks allow the trails to continue over the North Benfleet brook.
Transport.
Railway.
Wickford railway station is situated on the Shenfield to Southend Line, which provides services between London Liverpool Street and Southend Victoria. A journey to London takes approximately 40 minutes.
In addition, the Crouch Valley line has services between Wickford and Southminster.
Greater Anglia manages the station and operates all of its passenger services.
Buses.
Bus services in Wickford are operated primarily by First Essex, but also by Stephensons of Essex and NIBS Buses.
Routes include:
Roads.
The town can be reached easily via the A127, which connects east London and Southend-on-Sea, and by the A130 from Chelmsford.
Media.
Local TV coverage is provided by BBC London and ITV London which is received from the Crystal Palace TV transmitter. BBC East and ITV Anglia can also be received from the Sudbury TV transmitter.
Local radio stations are on BBC Essex on 95.3 FM, Heart East on 96.3 FM, and Gateway 97.8, a community based radio station which broadcast from Basildon on 97.8 FM.
The town is served by the local newspaper, Southend Echo.
The Master Plan.
The Wickford Masterplan was first unveiled at the Wickford Community Centre in December 2004 and published in November 2005 by DTZ Pieda Consulting, at a budget of £125 million, and many of the developments are currently in progress. At the heart of the proposals is the redevelopment of the High Street, which will be redesigned to be the town's premier meeting place. The Masterplan would create new public spaces, enhance the retail environment through the renewal of retail floor space and bring the market into the street scene, promoting urban living above shops and on the existing market site.
Adjacent to the River Crouch, a number of high quality residential developments promoted as the "Town Centre Riverside Living" complex would revitalise the riverside as a public asset and promotion of new eating and drinking opportunities. In addition, a new residential development to the west of Market Avenue will be constructed.
Promoting the station entrances on both sides of the railway line as key gateways to Wickford are also key areas of the plan, which would enhance transport interchange facilities and bring forward the car park site on Station Road for development as a new multi-storey car park and mixed-use development. As of present only the northern side of the station facing The Broadway is easily accessible, with the southern London-bound track only accessible from the outside though a small out-of-way footpath from Market Avenue as a courteous entrance for wheelchair-using passengers.
Public and health services would be improved under the scheme, with the re-organisation of existing health, library and community services into a new 'iconic' building to the east of Market Avenue as an integrated community service facility.
The Eastern Extension would create a better presence and new linkages to the east of the town centre by redeveloping the car park into a multi-storey development with residential and live-work uses and a new housing scheme to the east of Wickford Bypass. The Southern Gateway area, which surrounds London Road and the southern end of the High Street, are also planned to undergo a transition with a strong leisure and recreational theme, building on existing eating and drinking facilities and incorporating compatible residential uses.
Overall 650 apartments are planned to be built as part of the Masterplan as officially stated by councillor Tony Ball, although other sources opposed to the project claim this figure is closer to 735.
Opposition.
The Masterplan has met with resistance with many residents of Wickford, mainly due to overall cost, and also the fear from some older residents that raising the level of the river could see repeats of the floods in 1958 and 1960.
There have also been criticism over the number of developments being constructed, which some say threaten to overdevelop and cause environmental and aesthetic damage to the town centre whilst providing minimal improvements to public services; one such group is the Wickford Action Group who has campaigned against many of the revisions made prior to the public approval of the plan.
Progress.
Construction began in earnest in February 2007, which saw the demolition of many of the buildings in Lower Southend Road to make way for a new residential area. As of December 2009 this development has been partially completed (Riverside Place phase 1 + Riverside Court), however the compulsory purchase order of the post sorting office has been withdrawn leaving the fate of Riverside Place Phase 2 in doubt.
As of April 2010, the whole of the Masterplan project is facing serious delays and construction has halted due to the global financial crisis. In May 2009 the construction company Bradgate Developments released a statement assuring residents the project was still on track.
Proposed super-max prison.
Plans to build a prison capable of accommodating up to 1,500 inmates on land formerly of the Runwell Hospital mental institute were scrapped. The land is now a housing estate.
References.
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Wick, Ohio
Unincorporated community in Ohio, U.S.
Wick is an unincorporated community in Ashtabula County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.
History.
A post office called Wick was established in 1890, and remained in operation until 1904. The community has the name of William Wick, a local minister.
References.
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Wickliffe, Indiana
Wickliffe is an unincorporated community in Patoka Township, Crawford County, Indiana.
History.
Wickliffe had a post office between 1842 and 1952. According to one source, it was named for John Wycliffe.

Wick, West Virginia
Wick is an unincorporated community in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States, along Sugar Creek.
The community most likely was named after the local Wick family.
References.
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Wickliffe, Oklahoma
Wickliffe is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mayes County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 99 at the 2000 census, which declined to 75 in 2010, a drop of 25 percent.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics.
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As of the census of 2000, there were 99 people, 34 households, and 29 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 37 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 49.49% White, 41.41% Native American, 1.01% Asian, and 8.08% from two or more races.
There were 34 households, out of which 55.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,964, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,097. There were 19.5% of families and 12.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 17.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
Education.
The CDP is divided between the Wickliffe Public School elementary school district and the Salina Public Schools school district.

Wickliffe, Virginia
Unincorporated community in Virginia, United States
Wickliffe is an unincorporated community in Clarke County in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Wickliffe, Ohio
Wickliffe is a city in western Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 12,652 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.
History.
A post office called Wickliffe has been in operation since 1843. The city was named after Charles A. Wickliffe, 11th United States Postmaster General.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
It is landlocked due to the neighboring cities of Euclid and Willowick (to which it partially lent its name); it also borders Willoughby. Eastlake and Richmond Heights are also located close by.
Demographics.
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2020 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,646 people and 5,523 households living in the city, The population density was . The racial makeup of the city was 89.0% White, 5.3% African American, 3.0% Hispanic or Latino, 1.4% Asian, and 3.7% from two or more races.
There were 5,523 households, of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.2% were occupied by the owner, 86.7% were living in the same house 1 year ago and 5.4% spoke a language other than English at home. The average household size was 2.25.
In the city, 64.8% of residents were between 18 and 65 years of age, 20.3% older than 65, 19.0% between 18 and 5, and 4.9% younger than 5. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% female and 50.0% male. The median household income was $67.356. In the city, 6.8% of people living in the city were living in poverty.
2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,750 people, 5,455 households, and 3,426 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 5,780 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.8% White, 4.5% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 5,455 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. Of all households 32.2% were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.
The median age in the city was 44 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 21.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.
2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,484 people, 5,604 households, 3,754 families living in the city. The population density was 2,898.2 people per square mile. There were 5,787 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.37% White, 2.85% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. 0.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. According to Census 2000 20.2% were of Italian, 13.6% German, 13.4% Irish, 9.4% Polish, 9.0% Slovene and 6.4% English ancestry.
There were 5,604 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. Of all households 29.0% were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $51,351. Males had a median income of $37,641 versus $27,847 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,194. 6.5% of the population and 3.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 12.0% of those under the age of 18 and 5.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Culture.
The Coulby Mansion and Park were built between 1911 and 1915 by Harry Coulby, a shipping magnate who served as Wickliffe's first mayor. It cost over $1 million at the time. This mansion is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Coulby Mansion was Coulby's home before he died in January 1929. After that it was used as a Catholic girls' school, until Wickliffe City purchased the building and grounds in 1954, converting it into Wickliffe's City Hall. The previous owners did not damage or remove many original fixtures. Coulby Mansion has sixteen rooms, seven fireplaces, a Tiffany skylight, hand-carved walnut moldings and paneling from Bohemia, and an extensive garden with fountains. The exterior of the building is white glazed terra cotta. The grounds have been formed into Coulby Park, the city's principal open area. It has trails, a pool facility, extensive playground equipment, and a pond stocked with fish.
Parks and recreation.
Wickliffe hosts several parks; the most-known is Coulby Park with its aquatic center, baseball fields and pond. It is also home to City Hall. There are also Jindra Park, Nehls Park, Featherston Park, Orlando Park, Levi Lane Park, and Intihar Park. Three of the parks, Featherston, Intihar and Jindra, were renamed to honor residents who died in military service.
Government.
Wickliffe has a mayor-council system of government. As of 2024, the mayor is Joe Sakacs, a Republican. The City Council consists of seven members, who are elected for four-year terms. Three members are elected by the city at-large, and four members are elected from wards. As of 2024, the members of the City Council are as follows:
Education.
Primary and secondary education.
The Wickliffe School District is all one building as of the 2023-2024 school year. Lower school, K-6, is taught on the first floor of the building, and upper school, 7-12, is located on the second story.
The public school mascots are known as the Wickliffe Blue Devils. There is also a Roman Catholic school, Mater Dei Academy, founded in 2010, which offers education for children in pre-school through grade 8.
Wickliffe High School, the associated athletic field, and Board of Education offices are located on the land occupied by the former estate of Frank Rockefeller, brother of John D. Rockefeller. The Board building was the previous carriage house for the Rockefeller estate.
Previously, there were two other elementary schools - Worden and Mapledale. These were closed in 1982. Around 2010, Mapledale was demolished and replaced by a housing community and golf course. Worden was also demolished and replaced by the Wickliffe Community Center.
1994 Wickliffe Middle School shooting.
The Wickliffe Middle School shooting was a school shooting that occurred on November 7, 1994, at Wickliffe Middle School in Wickliffe, Ohio, United States. The gunman, 37-year-old Keith A. Ledeger, was a former student at Wickliffe Middle School.
Higher education.
Wickliffe is home to Saint Mary Seminary and Graduate School of Theology, the Roman Catholic seminary serving the Diocese of Cleveland. It was established in 1848 by the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, Louis Amadeus Rappe. It is located at 28700 Euclid Avenue. The seminary was originally a high school built by the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd. It housed the first Marycrest School for troubled girls. It was not a home for unwed mothers. The Good Shepherd Sisters sold the school building and grounds to the diocese for Boromeo Seminary use in the mid-1940s and moved the school to the Marcus Hanna estate in Independence, Ohio. Marycrest High School closed its doors on September 11, 2001.
Wickliffe is home to the Telshe Yeshiva, an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva which originated in Telz, Lithuania, and moved to Wickliffe after Lithuania fell to the Nazis in World War II.
References.
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Wickford (disambiguation)
Wickford may refer to:
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 Topics referred to by the same termThis page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name.

Wickford Junction station
Railway station in North Kingstown, RI
Wickford Junction station is a commuter rail station located in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States. It is the southern terminus of the MBTA Commuter Rail Providence/Stoughton Line and serves as a park and ride location for commuters to Providence and Boston. The station consists of a single high-level side platform on a stub-end siding next to the Northeast Corridor mainline.
The first station at the site opened in 1844. In 1870, the Newport and Wickford Railroad and Steamboat Company was opened from the station to Wickford Landing, where it connected with steamships to Newport, Rhode Island. The station was rebuilt in 1871, expanded in 1887, and rebuilt again around 1890 after a fire. Branch service ended in 1925, but the station remained open until 1981. A new station and parking garage opened on the same site on April 23, 2012, as part of the South County Commuter Rail project, which also included the new T. F. Green Airport station.
History.
Former station.
In 1844, seven years after the Rhode Island section of the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad opened, a small station was placed at Wickford. The Newport and Wickford Railroad and Steamboat Company opened in 1870 as a branch from the mainline to Wickford Landing, where wealthy riders would board steamships to the resorts and summer homes of Newport, Rhode Island. A new station named Wickford Junction was built in 1871 at a cost of $8,000; a $3,500 addition was added sixteen years later. The station burned and was replaced by a smaller structure around 1890. Passenger service on the branch ended in 1925, though some mainline service continued to stop.
The station building was torn down in 1969 as rail service declined, leaving just the stone foundation, which was later filled with gravel. The pedestrian overpass was moved in 1971 to Route 128 station, where it remained until Route 128 station was rebuilt in 2000. The station, by then just bare platforms, was served by a single New London-Providence round trip (cut to Westerly-Providence by Penn Central on November 22, 1971). The commuter train was discontinued on June 3, 1977. Amtrak's New Haven-Boston "Beacon Hill" began service on April 30, 1978, including a stop at Wickford Junction. The "Beacon Hill" was discontinued on October 1, 1981.
The Wickford Landing branch's right-of-way is still extant, as are the remains of a turntable about north of Ten Rod Road. The state is considering building a bikeway along the right-of-way to connect the Wickford town center with the Wickford Junction development and station.
Modern station.
After "Beacon Hill" service ended in 1981, some residents proposed a new station and the restoration of service. Bob Coie, a local builder, had bought a strip of land along the tracks in 1959 and acquired a large parcel along their west side in 1982. In 1985, he convinced the town to upzone the land for commercial use with the intention of eventually building a "pre-planned business district" and commuter rail station there. A state study of rail corridors was completed in 1994 and the Northeast Corridor was designated as the highest-priority line for commuter service to Providence. An addendum in 1995, assuming a quick start to operations, projected that daily ridership from Wickford would be 2,869 in 2000 and 3,386 in 2020. An operations plan was released in 2001, and environmental assessment was completed in 2003.
By November 2006, the station and associated track work was expected to cost $43.7 million, of which $24.99 million would be Federal Transit Administration New Starts funding. The station received a total of $59 million in federal funds, including the $24.99 million from New Starts and $4.35 million in stimulus funds. In late 2009, the State of Rhode Island spent $3.2 million to purchase of land for the station and parking garage, with hopes that it could be in service in 2011.
Ground was broken for the new station on August 18, 2010. Primary construction work on the station platform and garage was completed on time and under budget in December 2011, and a test train was run to the station in March 2012. The station opened on April 23, 2012. A major part of the modern station is the four-story parking garage, which was modeled after the nearby Lafayette Mill. The garage includes an indoor waiting room—rare in the MBTA system—and a small coffee/snack shop. An -tall bronze sculpture celebrating the history of rail service at Wickford Junction was completed in October 2015.
Ridership.
Ridership at Wickford Junction has been far below projections, some of which had assumed that transit-oriented development would be constructed at the station. Daily boardings were projected to reach 3,544 in 2025 according to the 1995 analysis. This was reduced to 1,669 by 2020 in the 2003 Environmental Assessment, but raised again to 3,386 by 2020 in a 2005 analysis.
Initial ridership in May 2012 was 130 inbound riders per day, of whom 80 percent rode to Providence and 20 percent to Boston. Ridership increased to 150 riders per day by early June and to 175 daily by February 2014.
Ridership averaged 292 daily boardings in the first quarter of 2017. For the second half of 2017, the state offered free intrastate rides in an attempt to promote the under-utilized T.F. Green Airport and Wickford Junction stations. The six-month promotion was expected to cost about $102,000. Ridership increased by 50% within the first month of the promotion. However, a 2018 count totalled only 235 daily boardings.
As of 2017[ [update]] the station only has weekday service, but planners hope to add weekend service eventually. Previous official discussions about adding weekend service to T. F. Green Airport and Wickford Junction took place in 2014.
Bus operations and consolidation.
Wickford Junction's drop-off lane also serves as a busway, which RIPTA bus route 66 URI/Galilee briefly served before it was rerouted to a park-and-ride closer to Route 2. In January 2013, RIDOT began planning to sell the park-and-ride property and reroute the 66 and the new 65X Wakefield Express to Wickford Junction on all trips; however, the plan was held up by concerns about eliminating free parking in the lot in favor of the paid garage. In July 2015, the agency renewed plans to sell the park-and-ride lot for an estimated $1.9 million and reroute the buses, but similar concerns were voiced at a public meeting. A judge blocked RIDOT's sale plan in July 2017 over concerns that the family of the original property owners (from whom it was taken by eminent domain in the 1930s) may have had the right to buy back the property.
In August 2015, RIDOT announced that it would be taking over operations and maintenance at Wickford Junction from a private contractor. The savings from the change—estimated at $340,000 annually—were to be used to increase frequencies on the 65X route. At the same time, RIDOT began a two-week, $372,500 project to allow bus operations to be shifted to the station, which involved constructing a bus depot next to the garage and a new access driveway from Route 102.
Only several days of "preliminary work" were completed by August 31 when Coie's company, owner of the adjacent shopping plaza, filed a lawsuit against RIDOT. The suit alleged that the changes would reduce traffic to the shopping center and cause a safety issue. RIDOT answered the claim, saying that the 2009 land deal gave the agency exclusive rights to the transit facility land. The state settled the lawsuit with the company in November 2015 by agreeing to pay $750,000 by July 2016. Effective December 7, 2015, all 65X and 66 trips were rerouted to Wickford Junction, with the garage now open 24/7. The restrooms and waiting room had full hours beginning in January 2016.
Rail operations.
The station opened on April 23, 2012, with ten trains in each direction on weekdays. Two off-peak trains ran only as far as Providence, while the other eight—including five rush hour trains—ran to Boston. Travel time is approximately 35 minutes to Providence and 100 minutes to Boston.
The station is located on a siding which connects to the southbound mainline track of the Northeast Corridor at Stony interlocking, north of the station. The siding allows Amtrak trains to pass while a commuter train is stopped at the station and laying over. Wickford Junction station is located at milepost 165.8 on the Northeast Corridor, from Providence and from Boston.
The 2014 "State Rail Plan" recommended the implementation of shuttle service between Wickford Junction and Providence via T.F. Green Airport with half-hour headways. The service, which could be operated with multiple units rather than conventional locomotive-hauled commuter trains, was expected to increase ridership at Wickford to as much as 3,400 riders per day.
References.
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Woodford, Wisconsin
Woodford is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. Woodford is south of Argyle, in the town of Wiota. Woodford has a post office with ZIP code 53599. As of the 2020 census, its population was 71, up from 69 at the 2010 census.
Geography.
Woodford is in eastern Lafayette County, in the eastern part of the town of Woodford. It sits in a valley on the east side of the East Branch Pecatonica River, by road south of the village of Argyle and east of Darlington, the Lafayette county seat. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 5.12%, are water.
References.
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Woolford, Maryland
Woolford is an unincorporated community in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Woolford is located on Maryland Route 16, west of Church Creek. Woolford has a post office with ZIP code 21677.
References.
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Wickliffe, Kentucky
Wickliffe is a home rule-class city and the county seat of Ballard County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 670 at the 2020 census.
Wickliffe is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History.
The city of Wickliffe is the site of a Mississippian culture village now known only as Wickliffe Mounds. The village was occupied from around 1100-1300 AD. Today, Wickliffe Mounds is a state historic site and home to a research center and museum.
In 1780 during the Revolutionary War, General George Rogers Clark established Fort Jefferson on a hill overlooking the Mississippi River one mile south of present-day Wickliffe. The fort was intended to protect what was then the western boundary of the infant United States from raids by the British Army and Native Americans. It was abandoned in 1781 after a siege by the Chickasaw.
The site later served as a Union Army post during the Civil War. General Ulysses S. Grant directed a demonstration against the Confederate-held position at Columbus, Kentucky, in January 1862. Troops from the post joined in capturing Fort Henry in February 1862. It served as a Union supply post for operations in the western theater of the war.
A cross, the Fort Jefferson Memorial Cross at the Confluence, was completed in 2000 on Fort Jefferson hill.
Geography.
Wickliffe is located at on the east bank of the Mississippi River, about two miles south of its confluence with the Ohio River, near its easternmost point.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.58%, is water.
Demographics.
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As of the census of 2000, there were 794 people, 327 households, and 216 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 384 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.33% White, 1.76% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.25% Pacific Islander, and 2.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.
There were 327 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $35,417. Males had a median income of $30,556 versus $16,477 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,273. About 10.1% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education.
Wickliffe has a public library, the Ballard-Carlisle County Public Library.
References.
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Westford, Richland County, Wisconsin
Westford is a town in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 594 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Bunker Hill and Germantown are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Corwin was also located in the town.
Westford was named after Westford, New York, which was the home town of Ada and Levi Lincoln, early storekeepers.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.5 km2), of which, 34.9 square miles (90.4 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) of it (0.06%) is water.
Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 594 people, 191 households, and 152 families residing in the town. The population density was 17.0 people per square mile (6.6/km2). There were 239 housing units at an average density of 6.8 per square mile (2.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.32% White, 0.17% African American, 0.51% Native American, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.
There were 191 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.3% were married couples living together, 1.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.54.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $45,179. Males had a median income of $30,750 versus $19,659 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,519. About 11.2% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.7% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.

Pickford, Michigan
Pickford is an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is centered along M-129 and is divided between Chippewa County to the east and Mackinac County.
As an unincorporated community, Pickford has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own but does have its own post office with the 49774 ZIP Code.
History.
Pickford was established in 1877 when Charles W. Pickford from Ontario first settled here along the Munuscong River. A post office was established in February 1880.
Geography.
Pickford is located in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Three quarters of the community is located within Chippewa County, while the southwestern quadrant of the community is located within Mackinac County. Pickford lies about south of Sault Ste. Marie.
Education.
Pickford is served by Pickford Public Schools. The district operates a public school within the community, with school teams known as the "Panthers".
References.
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Vickery, Ohio
Vickery is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in western Townsend Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 43464 and a volunteer fire department called Townsend Township FD. The population of the CPD was 101 at the 2020 census.
History.
Vickery was platted in 1881 by Robert Vickery, and named for him. A post office has been in operation at Vickery since 1881.

County Wicklow
County in Ireland
County Wicklow ( ; ) is a county in Ireland. The last of the traditional 32 counties, having been formed as late as 1606, it is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the east and the counties of Wexford to the south, Carlow to the southwest, Kildare to the west, and South Dublin and Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown to the north.
Wicklow is named after its county town of Wicklow, which derives from the name (Old Norse for "Vikings' Meadow"). Wicklow County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 155,258 at the 2022 census. Colloquially known as the "Garden of Ireland" for its scenery—which includes extensive woodlands, nature trails, beaches, and ancient ruins while allowing for a multitude of walking, hiking, and climbing options—it is the 17th largest of Ireland's 32 counties by area and the 16th largest by population. It is also the fourth largest of Leinster's 12 counties by size and the fifth largest in terms of population.
History.
Missions and monasteries.
During the 5th century Saint Palladius, a bishop from Britain or Gaul was sent to 'the Irish believing in Christ.' He and his companions landed at Wicklow harbour in the year 431 AD. Palladius founded three ancient churches at Donard, Tigroney and Colbinstown. Along with him came two clerics named St. Sylvester and Solonius who died and were buried at Donard. The local tribe in the area were called Cualann and their chief, a man named Naithi was opposed to these Christian missionaries. Despite this hostility however Palladius seems to have gained support elsewhere as he was able to erect those three churches in the Wicklow area. After a rather unsuccessful stay in the county St. Palladius departed Ireland and journeyed to Scotland.
A large number of early Irish saints male and female founded churches, monasteries and convents in Wicklow. Among them were St. Kevin, St. Dagan, St. Ernan, St. Credan, St. Baotan and the holy women St. Cainnear, St. Ceoltigherna, St. Fledh, St. Tartinna, St. Coine and St. Croine. The ancient monastery of Glendalough is located in the county.
17th century onwards.
County Wicklow was the last of the traditional counties of Ireland to be shired in 1606 from land previously part of counties Dublin and Carlow. Established as a distinct county, it was aimed at controlling local groups such as the O'Byrnes. The "Military Road", stretching from Rathfarnham to Aghavannagh crosses the mountains, north to south, and was built by government forces to assist them in defeating the rebels still active in the Wicklow Mountains following the failed Irish Rebellion of 1798. It provided them with access to an area that had been a hotbed of Irish rebellion for centuries. Several barracks to house the soldiers were built along the route; in 1974 the Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation was opened alongside the remains of Glencree barracks. Battalions of the Irish Army use firing ranges in County Wicklow for tactical exercises, especially the largest one in the Glen of Imaal which was previously used by the British Army prior to independence.
There was a brief Wicklow gold rush in the year 1795 near the village of Woodenbridge that lasted for a month, during which as many as 80 kilograms of gold was recovered by unlicensed prospectors before the government took over.
During the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, local authorities immediately surrendered without a fight. During the Irish Rebellion of 1798, some of the United Irishmen insurgents took refuge in the Wicklow Mountains, resulting in clashes between British forces and rebels commanded by Joseph Holt near Aughrim and later at Arklow.
The boundaries of the county were extended in 1957 by the Local Government Act which "detached lands from the County of Dublin and from the jurisdiction and powers of the Council of the County of Dublin" near Bray and added them to the County of Wicklow.
Irish language.
Wicklow was the first county in Ireland to lose the Irish language, with only around 2% of people speaking it in the 1770s. It was spoken on the Western slopes of the Wicklow Mountains in the 1790s. Andrew and Hannah Byrne of Glenealy, who both died in 1830, were among the last native speakers speaker in the county.
Geography.
Location.
Wicklow is part of the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. It is bounded by four counties, Dublin to the north; Kildare and Carlow to the west; Wexford to the south; and the Irish Sea to the east. Wicklow is the 17th largest of Ireland's 32 traditional counties by land area, and the 16th most populous. It is the fourth largest of Leinster's 12 counties by size and the fifth most populous. The county is named after the town of Wicklow, located approximately south of Dublin, the capital city of Ireland.
The Wicklow Mountains are Ireland's largest continuous upland area and occupy a significant portion of the county, spanning the entire centre of Wicklow and stretching into Dublin and Wexford at their southern and northern fringes. Lugnaquilla, at above sea level, is the tallest peak in the range, the highest mountain in Ireland outside of County Kerry, and Ireland's 13th-highest mountain overall. The Wicklow Mountains National Park, located in the middle of the county, is a dedicated protected area covering , making it the largest national park in Ireland. The Wicklow Way was the first long-distance trail in the State, and crosses the range for .
Geology.
The Wicklow Mountains are centred on the Leinster batholith and are primarily composed of granite surrounded by an envelope of mica-schist and much older rocks such as quartzite. Covering , the Leinster batholith is the most expansive mass of intrusive igneous rock in Ireland or Britain. The oldest rocks in the county are the quartzites of the Bray Group that include Bray Head and the Little Sugar Loaf and Great Sugar Loaf mountains. These metamorphosed from sandstone deposited in the deep waters of the primeval Iapetus Ocean during the Cambrian period (542-488 million years ago).
As with much of Ireland, Wicklow's terrain was sculpted by successive periods of glaciation during the quaternary. Weathering and erosion by ice carved out long valleys known as glens (from the Irish "gleann") such as Glenmacnass, Glen of the Downs, Glenmalure, Glen of Imaal, Glencree and Glendalough. The Irish Sea Ice-Sheet began to retreat shortly after the Last Glacial Maximum ca. 20,000–23,000 years ago but significant ice masses persisted in the Wicklow Mountains for another 4,000–7,000 years.
Hydrology.
Major rivers include the River Liffey, Ireland's 8th-longest river, which rises near Tonduff mountain and flows through the centre of Dublin City, reaching the Irish Sea at Dublin Bay. Its biggest tributary by volume, the River Dodder, rises along the northern slope of Kippure in the far north of the county, while the Kings River joins at Blessington Lakes. Multiple other Liffey tributaries flow within the county.
The River Slaney, which starts at Lugnaquilla, flows west and then south before reaching St George's Channel at Wexford town. The Avonmore and Avonbeg rivers join to form the Avoca River at the "Meeting of the Waters" in the Vale of Avoca. The River Derreen in the south of the county defines a section of the border with Carlow.
Most of the county's lakes (or loughs) are glacially derived ribbon and corrie lakes found in scenic trough valleys surrounded by mountains, making them popular with tourists. Notable lakes in the county include Glendalough Upper Lake, Lough Tay ('The Guinness Lake'), Lough Ouler ('The Heart-shaped Lake'), Lough Bray, Lough Dan and Lough Nahanagan.
Poulaphouca Reservoir is the largest of Wicklow's lakes, covering in the west of the county. It is the largest artificial lake in Ireland and was created following the damming of the River Liffey at Poulaphouca in 1940. The village of Ballinahown was completed submerged by the reservoir and its 70 families were relocated. Ruins of the old village including buildings, fences and farm machinery can be seen during droughts when water levels in the reservoir diminish. The lower Vartry Reservoir, constructed between 1862 and 1868, is the county's second largest lake.
Coast.
Wicklow has a relatively short coastline, at in length. Wicklow's coastline is mostly straight, with few sizable bays or inlets and no offshore islands, giving it a shorter coastline than smaller counties like Louth and Dublin. Wicklow Head is the county's most prominent coastal headland, and is also the most easterly mainland point of the Republic of Ireland. Wicklow's east coast is a popular domestic summer holiday destination, and the county has numerous beaches including Brittas Bay, Clogga Beach, The Cove, Silver Strand Beach, Sallymount Bay Beach, Ennereilly Beach, Newcastle Beach, Arklow's Porter's Rock Beach and South Beach, Greystones North and South Beaches, Bray Strand, and Magheramore Beach.
Forest.
The county has roughly of wooded area, the 8th highest total forest cover in Ireland. In terms of forest cover as a proportion of land area, Wicklow ranks second in the country, at 18.5%. Known as the "Garden of Ireland", Wicklow was historically the county with the highest percentage of woodlands. The 2017 National Forestry Inventory revealed that County Leitrim had overtaken it for the first time. Wicklow is in a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, although the majority of Wicklow's forests are commercial conifers. The economic tree line in the region is around , above which hill farming and blanket bog dominates.
Urban development.
In terms of urban development, Wicklow County Council imposes the most stringent planning restrictions in Ireland. In order to build a house outside of the main towns, a person must be "born and bred in the area, or have lived there for a period of 10 years" and must also demonstrate that the house is for their own housing needs, rather than for resale. Further, potential buyers in rural areas must be approved by the council before the homeowner is allowed to sell to them. The primary justification for these restrictions is to avoid one-off housing or other poorly planned developments which could put a strain on the county's infrastructure and degrade its natural environment.
Climate.
The climate of Wicklow is temperate oceanic (Köppen climate classification "Cfb" in most areas, and "Cfc" oceanic subpolar in some highland areas), with cool, humid summers, and mild, wet winters. The climate of the eastern portion of the county is moderated by the Irish Sea and averages milder winters and cooler summers, while the western inland portion along the Kildare border experiences warmer summers and colder winters. The county's upland interior experiences significantly lower temperatures and higher rainfall year-round. Snow typically falls from December to March, but most low-lying and coastal areas see only a few days of lying snow per year, or may see no snow at all during some winters. The Wicklow Mountains region is the snowiest part of Ireland and can experience 50 or more days of snowfall each year.
The county experiences a narrow annual temperature range. Typical daytime highs range from throughout the county in July and August, with overnight lows in the range, although temperatures in the mountains can be lower. Mean January temperatures range from on the coast to at high elevations. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, although the wettest months (October and November) receive roughly twice as much rain as the driest months (February, March and April). The driest area of Wicklow is the northeast corner of the county, which is protected from the prevailing south-westerly winds by the Wicklow Mountains and receives around of rainfall per year. The coastal region of County Dublin immediately to the north is the driest location in all of Ireland as a result of the rain shadow created by the mountains.
Easterly winds can occur between February and May, and are often associated with extreme snowfall events such as the 2018 "Beast from the East" and the "Big Snow of 1947". Much of Wicklow is very vulnerable to heavy snowfall and the county is typically the hardest hit by such events, with some areas recording over of snow. During the winter of 1947, residents of Rathdrum called upon the Irish Red Cross to drop them food parcels by plane as the village had been inaccessible by road for over a month due to heavy snow.
Wicklow is occasionally affected by hurricanes, although they are usually extratropical storms by the time they reach Ireland. On 24 August 1986, during Hurricane Charley, of rain fell over a 24-hour period at Kippure on the Wicklow-Dublin border, the greatest daily rainfall total ever recorded in Ireland. The hurricane caused severe flooding and up to 1,000 homes had to be evacuated in Bray alone. Other major floods in Wicklow which resulted in loss of life occurred in 1886–87, 1931, 1965 and 2011.
Subdivisions.
Baronies.
There are eight historic baronies in the county. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units". The largest barony in Wicklow is Lower Talbotstown, at , and the smallest barony is Rathdown, at .
Towns and villages.
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Demographics.
Population.
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As of the 2016 census, the resident population of Wicklow was 142,425, a 4.2% increase since the Census of Ireland 2011. The county's population is one of the fastest growing in the country, increasing 38.7 percent in the 20 years between 1996 and 2016. However, its share of the Mid East's population has steadily fallen as Meath and Kildare have experienced even more rapid population growth. While Bray remains by far the largest town in the county, improved transport links to Dublin such as upgrades to the M11 and the completion of the M50 in 2005 encouraged the growth of towns further south. Between 2002 and 2016 Bray grew by 5.3 percent. By contrast, over the same period Arklow grew by 32.2 percent, Greystones grew by 53.3 percent and Rathnew grew by 133.9%.
The most densely populated areas of the county are concentrated in the northeast, with over 50 percent of Wicklow's residents living within of